International Programs
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 71
No. 4 (released November 2011)
by John Jankowski
Analysts have long considered caregiver credits, or pension credits, provided to individuals for time spent out of the workforce caring for dependent children and sick or elderly relatives, as a way to improve the adequacy of retirement benefits for women in the United States. This article examines the experiences of France, Germany, and Sweden with caregiver credits, focusing particularly on the design, administration, and cost of these programs.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 71
No. 1 (released February 2011)
by Barbara E. Kritzer, Stephen J. Kay, and Tapen Sinha
This article examines the recent reforms in individual account systems in Latin America, with a focus on the recent overhaul of the Chilean system and major reforms in Mexico, Peru, and Colombia. The authors analyze key elements of pension reform in the region relating to individual accounts: system coverage, fees, competition, investment, the impact of gender on benefits, financial education, voluntary savings, and payouts.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 68
No. 2 (released October 2008)
by Michael Wiseman and Martynas A. Yčas
Canada's Public Pensions System is widely applauded for reducing poverty among the elderly. This article reviews benefits provided to Canada's older people and compares the Canadian system to the U.S. Supplemental Security Income program. Although Canada's system would probably be judged prohibitively expensive for the United States, the authors argue that there are nevertheless lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 68
No. 2 (released October 2008)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Since its inception in 1981, Chile's system of mandatory individual retirement accounts has become a model for pension reformers around the world. A March 2008 comprehensive pension reform law made major changes that address some key policy challenges including worker coverage, gender equity, pension adequacy, and administrative fees. The cornerstone of the new law sets up a basic universal pension as a supplement to the individual accounts system.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 67
No. 4 (released May 2008)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
On July 1, 2007, New Zealand introduced KiwiSaver, a new subsidized retirement savings plan. All new entrants to the labor force and anyone starting a new job are automatically enrolled in a plan and may opt out if they wish. Anyone younger than age 65, including the self-employed and anyone not in the labor force, may choose to set up a KiwiSaver account. The government provides tax credits for both employer and account holder contributions, a one-time tax-free payment to each account, and an annual fee subsidy to defray administrative costs.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 67
No. 3 (released April 2008)
by David Rajnes
This article examines the development of Japanese voluntary employer-sponsored retirement plans with an emphasis on recent trends. Before 2001, companies in Japan offered retirement benefits as lump-sum severance payments and/or benefits from one of two types of defined benefit (DB) pension plans. One DB plan type was based on an earlier occupational pension model used in the United States. The other DB plan type allowed companies to opt out of the earnings-related portion of social security. Landmark laws passed in 2001 introduced a new generation of occupational retirement plans to employers and employees, creating three new DB plan designs and two new defined contribution types of plans. Since that time, the mix of employer-sponsored retirement plans offered in Japan has changed significantly, and overall employee coverage has declined. On balance, employer-sponsored retirement plans have remained largely DB in design.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 66
No. 1 (released September 2005)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
To date, more than 30 countries have established some form of individual accounts in their retirement systems. This article identifies those countries, categorizes how the individual accounts fit into their retirement income systems, and identifies some basic characteristics of the accounts. Because this analysis of individual accounts is intended to inform the current United States debate involving Social Security, the discussion is limited to countries in which such accounts are part or all of a mandatory retirement income program.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 65
No. 4 (released May 2005)
by R. Kent Weaver
Sweden's new multipillar pension system includes a system of mandatory fully funded individual accounts. The Swedish system offers contributors more than 600 fund options from a variety of private-sector fund managers. However, in the most recent rounds of fund choice, more than 90 percent of new labor market entrants have not made an active choice of funds and thus have ended up in a government-sponsored default fund.
The Swedish system offers a number of lessons about implementing a mandatory individual account tier. Centralized administration keeps administrative costs down but requires considerable lead time. A very large number of fund options are likely to be offered unless strong entry barriers are in place. Engaging new labor market entrants in fund choice is likely to be difficult. A significant percentage of those making an active fund choice may choose funds that are very specialized and risky. Finally, special care must be devoted to designing a default fund and continual consumer communication.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 64
No. 4 (released June 2003)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Chile was the first country to replace its public pay-as you-go system with individual accounts. Since its inception in 1981, the new program has undergone a number of changes that offer workers more choices than they had before. This note describes those changes, which include an increase in the type and number of funds from which a worker may choose for an individual account, more incentives for making additional voluntary contributions, and the introduction of a separate mandatory individual account for unemployment benefits.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 64
No. 4 (released June 2003)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
The Latin American model of social security reform with individual accounts has been adopted by a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That alternative to a pay-as-you-go system is sometimes advocated as a desirable model for solving problems in developed systems such as that of the United States. This article describes the Central and Eastern European systems and compares them with the Latin American systems.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 64
No. 2 (released September 2002)
by Mark A. Sarney and Amy M. Preneta
This article examines the experience of the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) in investing its surplus funds in equities. The CPP investment policy is viewed by some experts as a possible model for increasing the investment income of Social Security. The article discusses the key features of this policy, its implementation, and results to date.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 64
No. 1 (released April 2002)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 63
No. 2 (released December 2000)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
The new, partially privatized social security system adopted by Chile in 1981 has since been implemented, with some variations, in a number of Latin American and old-world transition economies with either a single- or multi-tier system. That alternative to a pay-as-you-go system is sometimes advocated as a desirable model for solving problems in developed systems, such as that of the United States. This article describes the new programs in Latin America, their background, and similarities and differences among them.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 62
No. 3 (released January 2000)
by Joann Sim
This article examines suggestions by the General Accounting Office (GAO) to improve the rate of rehabilitation of workers on the disability rolls. It examines GAO's suggestions within the context of research by experts on return-to-work practices in Germany, Sweden, and the United States. It also discusses lessons learned from the European experiences and current and past return-to-work initiatives used in the Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income programs.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 62
No. 1 (released June 1999)
by Lillian Liu
This article examines the U.K. retirement income security system from the American perspective. It addresses issues that most concern U.S. analysts: how the United Kingdom has kept its future public pension costs at a manageable level, the extent to which privatization of public pensions has contributed to low pensions costs, the popular appeal of individual pension accounts, and the impact of privatization on retirement income. These issues are best understood in the context of the U.K. pension program's particular institutional structure and policies, two of which—"contracting out" of public pensions, and strong reliance on means-tested benefits—have been largely rejected in the evolution of U.S. policy to date.
Particular use is made of recently available data on coverage rates for public and private pension programs over the total working population and administrative records on inactive personal pension accounts.
ORES Working Paper
No. 79 (released November 1998)
by Lillian Liu
This study examines the United Kingdom's retirement income security system from the American perspective. It addresses issues that most concern U.S. analysts: how the United Kingdom has kept its future public pension costs at a manageable level, the extent to which privatization of public pensions has contributed to these savings, the popular appeal of individual pension accounts, and the impact of privatization on retirement income. These issues are best understood in the context of the U.K. pension program's particular institutional structure and policies, two of which—"contracting out" of public pensions and strong reliance on means-tested benefits—have been largely rejected in the evolution of U.S. policy to date.
Particular use is made of recently available data on coverage rates for public and private pension programs over the total working population and administrative records on inactive personal pension accounts.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 59
No. 3 (released July 1996)
by Jürg K. Siegenthaler
This study takes stock of available comparative research on the economic status of elderly single women in six industrialized countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. A systematic comparison of income has become easier due to such standardized data bases as the Luxembourg Income Study.
But an explanation for different poverty rates among older women who are on their own requires a further, differentiated assessment of the countries' retirement benefit structures. This article attempts such a review. It makes use of a variety of single-country sources and takes into account the institutional heterogeneity of old-age security systems. The study concludes with a view of the effectiveness of different old-age security systems in preventing poverty among older single women.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 59
No. 3 (released July 1996)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
In 1981, Chile introduced a new approach to social insurance, a system of individual capitalization accounts financed solely by the employee. This new privatized system was an improvement over Chile's failing pay-as-you-go arrangement. As many countries worldwide are facing financial problems with their social security system, they are now looking to the Chilean model in trying to find solutions. This article describes the conditions that led to the new system, the transition, and details of the new privatized system.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 58
No. 3 (released July 1995)
by Ilene R. Zeitzer
In the United States, low-income families who have a child or children with a disability may be eligible for cash benefits payable under the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. In the last few years, the number of these children on the SSI rolls has increased dramatically due, in large part, to new standards developed in response to a 1990 Supreme Court decision and the subsequent retroactive activity as a result of that decision. The rise in the number of child beneficiaries has led to increased concerns as to whether cash benefits are the best way to help these children and their families deal with the additional needs and expenses caused by disabilities. This article begins with a summary of recent American developments regarding the childhood disability issue as background to an exploration of comparative practices.
In light of the current interest in the United States concerning children with disabilities, it seems timely to explore the approaches used by other countries' social insurance programs. This study details the practices and provisions of 14 European countries and 4 other developed countries (Australia, Israel, Japan, and New Zealand). In addition to examining the variables involved in making cash benefits available and awarding them to families on behalf of disabled children, the article also provides information of in-kind benefits to which such families would be entitled and gives some insight as to the philosophy and policy goals of selected foreign programs.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 57
No. 3 (released July 1994)
by Lawrence H. Thompson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 57
No. 3 (released July 1994)
by Wayne S. Long
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 57
No. 2 (released April 1994)
by Ilene R. Zeitzer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 56
No. 1 (released January 1993)
by Lillian Liu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 55
No. 4 (released October 1992)
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 54
No. 10 (released October 1991)
by Lillian Liu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 53
No. 10 (released October 1990)
by L. Scott Muller
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 53
No. 8 (released August 1990)
by G. Ricardo Campbell
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 53
No. 2 (released February 1990)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 53
No. 1 (released January 1990)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 52
No. 2 (released February 1989)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 51
No. 11 (released November 1988)
by Alexander Estrin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 51
No. 8 (released August 1988)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 51
No. 8 (released August 1988)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 50
No. 10 (released October 1987)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 50
No. 9 (released September 1987)
by Ilene R. Zeitzer and Laurel E. Beedon
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 50
No. 8 (released August 1987)
by Lillian Liu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 50
No. 4 (released April 1987)
by Lillian Liu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 50
No. 2 (released February 1987)
by Peter Puidak
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 49
No. 9 (released September 1986)
by Jean Marie Ricketts
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 49
No. 8 (released August 1986)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 49
No. 5 (released May 1986)
by Daniel Wartonick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 48
No. 8 (released August 1985)
by Daniel Wartonick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 47
No. 6 (released June 1984)
by Ilene R. Zeitzer
ORES Working Paper
No. 32 (released February 1984)
by Daniel B. Radner
This exploratory paper examines the role of age in the distribution of family income in several countries. Unlike most papers that compare the distribution of income across countries, the primary concern in this paper is not with comparisons of the overall degree of inequality. Instead we are more interested in two aspects of the cross-section relationship between age and income. First, we are interested in the relative economic well-being of income recipient units in different age (of head) groups in several developed countries. In the U.S. in recent years, in connection with modifications to the social security system, there has been considerable discussion of the "fair" level of income of the aged population. That discussion has led us to a particular interest in the relative economic well-being of the aged population in other developed countries. Where the data allow, the aged (age 65 and over) group is split into 65–69 and 70 and over age groups as at least partial recognition that economic well-being can differ markedly among subgroups of the aged population. (Other important characteristics such as labor force participation, sex, and the receipt of government retirement income could not be examined.) This paper attempts an initial look at the very complex subject of the relative economic well-being of different age groups in several countries.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 47
No. 2 (released February 1984)
by Lillian Liu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46
No. 12 (released December 1983)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46
No. 8 (released August 1983)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46
No. 6 (released June 1983)
by Daniel Wartonick and Michael D. Packard
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46
No. 4 (released April 1983)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46
No. 3 (released March 1983)
by Ilene R. Zeitzer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 45
No. 11 (released November 1982)
by Jonathan Aldrich
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 45
No. 11 (released November 1982)
by Michael D. Packard
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 45
No. 1 (released January 1982)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 44
No. 10 (released October 1981)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 44
No. 10 (released October 1981)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 44
No. 5 (released May 1981)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43
No. 10 (released October 1980)
by Lynn M. Ellingson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43
No. 8 (released August 1980)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43
No. 2 (released February 1980)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43
No. 1 (released January 1980)
by Joseph G. Simanis and John R. Coleman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 12 (released December 1979)
by Lynn M. Ellingson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 8 (released August 1979)
by Stanford G. Ross
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 7 (released July 1979)
by Christopher Leman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 6 (released June 1979)
by Max Horlick and Ingrid Wooten
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 4 (released April 1979)
by Frank B. McArdle
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42
No. 3 (released March 1979)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 11 (released November 1978)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 10 (released October 1978)
by Angus Simmons
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 9 (released September 1978)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 8 (released August 1978)
by Frank B. McArdle
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 7 (released July 1978)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 5 (released May 1978)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 5 (released May 1978)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 4 (released April 1978)
by Frank B. McArdle
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 2 (released February 1978)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 41
No. 1 (released January 1978)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40
No. 10 (released October 1977)
by Keith M. Marshall and Mark Borthwich
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40
No. 7 (released July 1977)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40
No. 3 (released March 1977)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40
No. 2 (released February 1977)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40
No. 1 (released January 1977)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 12 (released December 1976)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 11 (released November 1976)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 9 (released September 1976)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 7 (released July 1976)
by Lois S. Copeland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 6 (released June 1976)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 5 (released May 1976)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 4 (released April 1976)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 3 (released March 1976)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 39
No. 1 (released January 1976)
by Joseph G. Simanis and Peter Benson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 12 (released December 1975)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 11 (released November 1975)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 8 (released August 1975)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 7 (released July 1975)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 5 (released May 1975)
by Frankie P. Taylor
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38
No. 3 (released March 1975)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 37
No. 7 (released July 1974)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 37
No. 3 (released March 1974)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 37
No. 1 (released January 1974)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 12 (released December 1973)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 12 (released December 1973)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 11 (released November 1973)
by Martin B. Tracy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 10 (released October 1973)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 9 (released September 1973)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 7 (released July 1973)
by Gisela C. Wang
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 7 (released July 1973)
by Jozef Van Langendonck
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 4 (released April 1973)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 3 (released March 1973)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 3 (released March 1973)
by Paul Fisher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 36
No. 1 (released January 1973)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 11 (released November 1972)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 10 (released October 1972)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 9 (released September 1972)
by Paul Fisher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 8 (released August 1972)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 7 (released July 1972)
by Paul Fisher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 7 (released July 1972)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 6 (released June 1972)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 5 (released May 1972)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 5 (released May 1972)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 4 (released April 1972)
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35
No. 1 (released January 1972)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 12 (released December 1971)
by Evelyn Peel
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 11 (released November 1971)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 10 (released October 1971)
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 8 (released August 1971)
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 7 (released July 1971)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 6 (released June 1971)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 2 (released February 1971)
by Max Horlick and Robert Lucas
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34
No. 1 (released January 1971)
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 12 (released December 1970)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 10 (released October 1970)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 8 (released August 1970)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 8 (released August 1970)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 7 (released July 1970)
by Max Horlick and Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 7 (released July 1970)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 5 (released May 1970)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 5 (released May 1970)
by Max Horlick and Doris Lewis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 3 (released March 1970)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 2 (released February 1970)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33
No. 1 (released January 1970)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 11 (released November 1969)
by Doris Lewis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 10 (released October 1969)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 9 (released September 1969)
by Doris Lewis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 7 (released July 1969)
by Joseph G. Simanis
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 6 (released June 1969)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 5 (released May 1969)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 5 (released May 1969)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 4 (released April 1969)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 3 (released March 1969)
by Max Horlick
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 2 (released February 1969)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 32
No. 1 (released January 1969)
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 12 (released December 1968)
by Robert Lucas
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 10 (released October 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 10 (released October 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 9 (released September 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 9 (released September 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 9 (released September 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 7 (released July 1968)
by Dorothy Wedderburn
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 7 (released July 1968)
by Max Horlick and Robert Lucas
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 6 (released June 1968)
by Robert Lucas
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 5 (released May 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 31
No. 4 (released April 1968)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 30
No. 6 (released June 1967)
by Paul Fisher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 29
No. 11 (released November 1966)
by Robert J. Myers and William M. Yoffee
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 29
No. 1 (released January 1966)
by Daniel S. Gerig
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 29
No. 1 (released January 1966)
by Saul Waldman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 28
No. 11 (released November 1965)
by Daniel S. Gerig and Robert J. Myers
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 28
No. 6 (released June 1965)
by Werner Hasenberg
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 27
No. 9 (released September 1964)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 27
No. 9 (released September 1964)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26
No. 9 (released September 1963)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26
No. 8 (released August 1963)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26
No. 5 (released May 1963)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26
No. 1 (released January 1963)
by Daniel S. Gerig and Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25
No. 12 (released December 1962)
by Robert J. Myers
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25
No. 11 (released November 1962)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25
No. 8 (released August 1962)
by William E. Allen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25
No. 2 (released February 1962)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23
No. 8 (released August 1960)
by Daniel S. Gerig
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23
No. 3 (released March 1960)
by Daniel S. Gerig
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23
No. 1 (released January 1960)
by Daniel S. Gerig and Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22
No. 11 (released November 1959)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22
No. 9 (released September 1959)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22
No. 8 (released August 1959)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22
No. 7 (released July 1959)
by Agnes W. Brewster
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22
No. 5 (released May 1959)
by Katherine Bain
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21
No. 11 (released November 1958)
by Daniel S. Gerig
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21
No. 9 (released September 1958)
by Margaret Emery
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21
No. 6 (released June 1958)
by Margaret Emery
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21
No. 5 (released May 1958)
by Robert J. Myers
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20
No. 11 (released November 1957)
by Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20
No. 8 (released August 1957)
by Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19
No. 11 (released November 1956)
by Dorothy Lally
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19
No. 7 (released July 1956)
by Cecile Whalen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19
No. 5 (released May 1956)
by Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18
No. 12 (released December 1955)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18
No. 2 (released February 1955)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17
No. 11 (released November 1954)
by Dorothy Lally
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17
No. 7 (released July 1954)
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17
No. 2 (released February 1954)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16
No. 8 (released August 1953)
by H. Walter Forster and Herman B. Brotman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16
No. 5 (released May 1953)
by Wilbur J. Cohen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15
No. 9 (released September 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15
No. 7 (released July 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15
No. 4 (released April 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14
No. 5 (released May 1951)
by Marie Dresden Lane
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13
No. 8 (released August 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13
No. 6 (released June 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13
No. 4 (released April 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13
No. 3 (released March 1950)
by Carl H. Farman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12
No. 8 (released August 1949)
by Wilbur J. Cohen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12
No. 5 (released May 1949)
by Anna W. Schneider and Mary S. Labaree
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12
No. 4 (released April 1949)
by Konrad Persson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 10,
No. 2 (released February 1947)
by Dorothy Lally
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 10,
No. 2 (released February 1947)
by Carl H. Farman and Catherine Perrins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 11 (released November 1945)
by Ellen S. Woodward
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 10 (released October 1945)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 11 (released November 1944)
by Ellen S. Woodward
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 6 (released June 1944)
by Jessica H. Barr
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 12 (released December 1943)
by Amy G. Maher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 4 (released April 1943)
by Denis A. Cooper
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 3 (released March 1943)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 5,
No. 9 (released September 1942)
by Constance A. Kiehel
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 5,
No. 4 (released April 1942)
by Fred Safier and Arthur F. Ackermann
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 4,
No. 4 (released April 1941)
by Marianne Sakmann
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 12 (released December 1940)
by I. S. Falk
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 10 (released October 1940)
by Arnold Steinbach
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 6 (released June 1940)
by Ida C. Merriam and Diane Bochner
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 4 (released April 1939)
by Alexander Fleisher and Eric Kocher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 12 (released December 1938)
by Franz Huber
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 8 (released August 1938)
by Marianne Sakmann
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 7 (released July 1938)
by Ralph S. Hardiman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 6 (released June 1938)
by Thomas C. Blaisdell, Jr.
