by Javier Meseguer
ORES Working Paper No. 111 (released July 2008)
ORES Working Paper No. 111 (released July 2008)
| Year | 0 | 1–4 | 5–9 | 10–14 | 15–19 | 20–24 | 25–29 | 30–34 | 35–39 | 40–44 | 45–49 | 50–54 | 55–59 | 60–64 | 65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80–84 | 85–90 | 90–94 | 95 and older |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1959 | -3.6015 | -6.8416 | -7.6136 | -7.6905 | -6.9784 | -6.6849 | -6.6566 | -6.4148 | -6.0735 | -5.6217 | -5.1455 | -4.6819 | -4.2788 | -3.8687 | -3.4745 | -3.0754 | -2.644 | -2.1996 | -1.7665 | -1.3965 | -1.1108 |
| 1960 | -3.6169 | -6.8217 | -7.6255 | -7.7412 | -6.9952 | -6.7057 | -6.6357 | -6.4289 | -6.0574 | -5.6027 | -5.1321 | -4.6693 | -4.2842 | -3.8411 | -3.4619 | -3.0607 | -2.6375 | -2.1906 | -1.7618 | -1.3798 | -1.07 |
| 1961 | -3.6475 | -6.8894 | -7.6899 | -7.7651 | -7.0496 | -6.7258 | -6.6768 | -6.4423 | -6.077 | -5.6275 | -5.1637 | -4.6968 | -4.328 | -3.8629 | -3.4836 | -3.1005 | -2.6644 | -2.2147 | -1.7794 | -1.4063 | -1.0918 |
| 1962 | -3.6603 | -6.914 | -7.6911 | -7.7833 | -7.0289 | -6.7061 | -6.6616 | -6.4348 | -6.047 | -5.619 | -5.1494 | -4.6833 | -4.3132 | -3.8526 | -3.4711 | -3.0915 | -2.6482 | -2.2014 | -1.7552 | -1.3851 | -1.0545 |
| 1963 | -3.6619 | -6.8919 | -7.6986 | -7.7947 | -7.0096 | -6.6883 | -6.6292 | -6.4176 | -6.0282 | -5.6073 | -5.1345 | -4.6762 | -4.2911 | -3.8352 | -3.4628 | -3.0746 | -2.6325 | -2.1886 | -1.7404 | -1.3624 | -1.0272 |
| 1964 | -3.6735 | -6.9216 | -7.7128 | -7.7854 | -6.9701 | -6.6752 | -6.6193 | -6.381 | -6.0235 | -5.5995 | -5.1481 | -4.684 | -4.3152 | -3.8481 | -3.4966 | -3.1113 | -2.6671 | -2.229 | -1.7875 | -1.4094 | -1.0892 |
| 1965 | -3.7039 | -6.9456 | -7.7305 | -7.8096 | -6.9575 | -6.667 | -6.6172 | -6.3899 | -6.0219 | -5.5978 | -5.1447 | -4.6837 | -4.3152 | -3.8544 | -3.4914 | -3.1171 | -2.6619 | -2.2277 | -1.7813 | -1.4056 | -1.084 |
| 1966 | -3.7379 | -6.9419 | -7.718 | -7.7965 | -6.8746 | -6.6331 | -6.598 | -6.3772 | -6.0239 | -5.5864 | -5.1347 | -4.6835 | -4.3009 | -3.8655 | -3.4859 | -3.1024 | -2.6618 | -2.2283 | -1.7882 | -1.4018 | -1.0823 |
| 1967 | -3.7805 | -7.0194 | -7.7527 | -7.8103 | -6.8923 | -6.6058 | -6.5985 | -6.39 | -6.0096 | -5.598 | -5.1455 | -4.7046 | -4.3108 | -3.8907 | -3.5112 | -3.1196 | -2.6903 | -2.2582 | -1.8184 | -1.4295 | -1.1225 |
| 1968 | -3.7996 | -7.0166 | -7.7175 | -7.7833 | -6.8298 | -6.556 | -6.546 | -6.3596 | -5.985 | -5.5637 | -5.1191 | -4.6878 | -4.2815 | -3.8667 | -3.4808 | -3.0941 | -2.665 | -2.239 | -1.7984 | -1.3979 | -1.0904 |
| 1969 | -3.823 | -7.04 | -7.7272 | -7.7902 | -6.7829 | -6.5193 | -6.5343 | -6.352 | -5.9826 | -5.5604 | -5.1367 | -4.7193 | -4.2966 | -3.9046 | -3.5019 | -3.1213 | -2.696 | -2.2642 | -1.8282 | -1.4335 | -1.1075 |
| 1970 | -3.8522 | -7.0805 | -7.7682 | -7.8116 | -6.8164 | -6.5325 | -6.5477 | -6.3693 | -6.0012 | -5.5785 | -5.1424 | -4.7276 | -4.2997 | -3.9163 | -3.5212 | -3.134 | -2.7144 | -2.3008 | -1.8732 | -1.4792 | -1.1574 |
| 1971 | -3.9446 | -7.105 | -7.7735 | -7.8224 | -6.8097 | -6.5306 | -6.5552 | -6.386 | -6.0226 | -5.6046 | -5.1685 | -4.755 | -4.3247 | -3.9352 | -3.5575 | -3.1453 | -2.7249 | -2.3112 | -1.8655 | -1.4728 | -1.1345 |
| 1972 | -4.017 | -7.1213 | -7.8045 | -7.8134 | -6.8078 | -6.5349 | -6.5589 | -6.3952 | -6.0484 | -5.6145 | -5.16 | -4.7645 | -4.3261 | -3.9318 | -3.5501 | -3.1287 | -2.7184 | -2.3069 | -1.8735 | -1.483 | -1.1236 |
| 1973 | -4.0415 | -7.1388 | -7.7978 | -7.8165 | -6.8024 | -6.5349 | -6.5633 | -6.4069 | -6.0543 | -5.6398 | -5.1778 | -4.7859 | -4.3398 | -3.9501 | -3.5766 | -3.147 | -2.7397 | -2.312 | -1.8731 | -1.4723 | -1.1064 |
| 1974 | -4.0759 | -7.216 | -7.8995 | -7.8654 | -6.8597 | -6.5889 | -6.6087 | -6.4604 | -6.1275 | -5.6854 | -5.22 | -4.8157 | -4.3935 | -3.9822 | -3.6174 | -3.1719 | -2.7929 | -2.3507 | -1.9074 | -1.5096 | -1.137 |
| 1975 | -4.1254 | -7.2659 | -7.9571 | -7.9444 | -6.9056 | -6.5987 | -6.619 | -6.5065 | -6.1706 | -5.7293 | -5.272 | -4.8466 | -4.4326 | -4.0171 | -3.6608 | -3.2099 | -2.8372 | -2.3994 | -1.9747 | -1.5693 | -1.1955 |
| 1976 | -4.1851 | -7.2859 | -7.979 | -7.9805 | -6.9482 | -6.654 | -6.6627 | -6.5709 | -6.226 | -5.7674 | -5.3006 | -4.8662 | -4.4572 | -4.0245 | -3.6762 | -3.2365 | -2.8506 | -2.4073 | -1.9644 | -1.5456 | -1.1597 |
| 1977 | -4.2383 | -7.3056 | -8.0064 | -7.9692 | -6.9086 | -6.6389 | -6.6652 | -6.5731 | -6.2447 | -5.796 | -5.3335 | -4.8864 | -4.4881 | -4.0496 | -3.7006 | -3.2589 | -2.8876 | -2.4371 | -2.0087 | -1.5917 | -1.2138 |
| 1978 | -4.2874 | -7.2962 | -8.0248 | -7.9957 | -6.9178 | -6.6318 | -6.6665 | -6.5986 | -6.2663 | -5.8244 | -5.3554 | -4.9008 | -4.5097 | -4.0596 | -3.7087 | -3.2738 | -2.9001 | -2.4418 | -2.006 | -1.5865 | -1.1919 |
| 1979 | -4.3216 | -7.3517 | -8.074 | -8.0563 | -6.918 | -6.6367 | -6.646 | -6.5979 | -6.2929 | -5.8668 | -5.3963 | -4.9338 | -4.5369 | -4.103 | -3.732 | -3.3125 | -2.9288 | -2.473 | -2.0419 | -1.6312 | -1.2302 |
| 1980 | -4.3556 | -7.3642 | -8.0884 | -8.0894 | -6.9217 | -6.6278 | -6.6394 | -6.5874 | -6.3044 | -5.8806 | -5.4058 | -4.9422 | -4.5217 | -4.1094 | -3.7075 | -3.3042 | -2.9091 | -2.4476 | -2.0109 | -1.5858 | -1.1757 |
| 1981 | -4.4222 | -7.4086 | -8.1456 | -8.1245 | -7.0123 | -6.6992 | -6.6627 | -6.5889 | -6.3335 | -5.9115 | -5.4258 | -4.9666 | -4.5356 | -4.1321 | -3.728 | -3.3282 | -2.9425 | -2.4736 | -2.0353 | -1.622 | -1.2091 |
| 1982 | -4.4517 | -7.4494 | -8.1706 | -8.1735 | -7.0642 | -6.7674 | -6.7352 | -6.6347 | -6.3736 | -5.9702 | -5.4737 | -5.0015 | -4.5621 | -4.144 | -3.7424 | -3.343 | -2.9454 | -2.4939 | -2.0612 | -1.6576 | -1.2359 |
| 1983 | -4.4931 | -7.4836 | -8.2364 | -8.2022 | -7.1175 | -6.8299 | -6.7724 | -6.6538 | -6.4142 | -5.9891 | -5.5094 | -5.0108 | -4.5591 | -4.1437 | -3.7477 | -3.335 | -2.9377 | -2.4872 | -2.045 | -1.6254 | -1.2075 |
| 1984 | -4.5149 | -7.5547 | -8.2799 | -8.1701 | -7.127 | -6.8144 | -6.7843 | -6.6336 | -6.3928 | -5.9856 | -5.5231 | -5.0338 | -4.5744 | -4.1493 | -3.7594 | -3.3431 | -2.9483 | -2.5007 | -2.0522 | -1.6308 | -1.2038 |
| 1985 | -4.5171 | -7.5649 | -8.2946 | -8.1781 | -7.1267 | -6.8325 | -6.7757 | -6.6047 | -6.3642 | -5.9856 | -5.5254 | -5.0411 | -4.5798 | -4.1514 | -3.7645 | -3.3412 | -2.9443 | -2.4948 | -2.0404 | -1.61 | -1.1927 |
| 1986 | -4.5543 | -7.5521 | -8.3391 | -8.1636 | -7.0532 | -6.7731 | -6.7151 | -6.5263 | -6.306 | -5.9836 | -5.5452 | -5.0592 | -4.6133 | -4.1632 | -3.7765 | -3.3484 | -2.9569 | -2.5132 | -2.0577 | -1.621 | -1.1944 |
| 1987 | -4.57 | -7.5595 | -8.3073 | -8.213 | -7.0869 | -6.8023 | -6.7141 | -6.5108 | -6.2846 | -5.9957 | -5.5583 | -5.0683 | -4.6229 | -4.1767 | -3.7872 | -3.3649 | -2.9697 | -2.5263 | -2.0653 | -1.6229 | -1.1779 |
| 1988 | -4.5735 | -7.573 | -8.3104 | -8.1936 | -7.0478 | -6.7893 | -6.697 | -6.4936 | -6.2525 | -5.9867 | -5.5602 | -5.0927 | -4.6226 | -4.1828 | -3.7926 | -3.3748 | -2.9719 | -2.5181 | -2.0545 | -1.6023 | -1.157 |
| 1989 | -4.5804 | -7.6043 | -8.3318 | -8.2026 | -7.0598 | -6.8262 | -6.684 | -6.4684 | -6.2427 | -5.9775 | -5.576 | -5.1157 | -4.6442 | -4.2117 | -3.8168 | -3.4063 | -2.9962 | -2.5539 | -2.0955 | -1.6427 | -1.1731 |
| 1990 | -4.6411 | -7.6712 | -8.4158 | -8.2652 | -7.0262 | -6.8138 | -6.6811 | -6.4857 | -6.2364 | -5.996 | -5.5865 | -5.1415 | -4.6729 | -4.2297 | -3.8337 | -3.4299 | -3.0167 | -2.5784 | -2.1208 | -1.6619 | -1.2055 |
| 1991 | -4.6906 | -7.6528 | -8.4438 | -8.2693 | -7.0299 | -6.8104 | -6.7069 | -6.4804 | -6.23 | -5.9656 | -5.5947 | -5.1622 | -4.6847 | -4.2466 | -3.8454 | -3.4425 | -3.036 | -2.5934 | -2.1349 | -1.6714 | -1.2018 |
| 1992 | -4.7396 | -7.7403 | -8.5036 | -8.317 | -7.0886 | -6.8579 | -6.7365 | -6.4876 | -6.2223 | -5.9497 | -5.6001 | -5.1829 | -4.713 | -4.2696 | -3.8596 | -3.4588 | -3.054 | -2.6173 | -2.1529 | -1.6931 | -1.2187 |
| 1993 | -4.7592 | -7.7127 | -8.469 | -8.2789 | -7.062 | -6.8305 | -6.7245 | -6.4528 | -6.1934 | -5.918 | -5.6031 | -5.1762 | -4.715 | -4.2606 | -3.8504 | -3.4502 | -3.0334 | -2.593 | -2.1167 | -1.6528 | -1.1596 |
| 1994 | -4.798 | -7.7571 | -8.5322 | -8.3009 | -7.0634 | -6.8409 | -6.739 | -6.4436 | -6.18 | -5.905 | -5.5938 | -5.1803 | -4.7409 | -4.2772 | -3.8715 | -3.4632 | -3.0562 | -2.6044 | -2.1349 | -1.663 | -1.1731 |
| 1995 | -4.8538 | -7.8137 | -8.5445 | -8.2901 | -7.1054 | -6.8595 | -6.7673 | -6.4554 | -6.182 | -5.8937 | -5.5969 | -5.1876 | -4.7526 | -4.2897 | -3.8887 | -3.468 | -3.059 | -2.6074 | -2.1334 | -1.6592 | -1.1575 |
| 1996 | -4.8831 | -7.8754 | -8.5661 | -8.3575 | -7.1633 | -6.9152 | -6.8636 | -6.5788 | -6.2836 | -5.962 | -5.6151 | -5.2332 | -4.7776 | -4.3024 | -3.9068 | -3.4764 | -3.0683 | -2.6115 | -2.1452 | -1.6647 | -1.162 |
| 1997 | -4.8953 | -7.9438 | -8.6215 | -8.3987 | -7.2138 | -6.9452 | -6.9387 | -6.7045 | -6.3951 | -6.0323 | -5.6644 | -5.2608 | -4.8042 | -4.3344 | -3.9225 | -3.4922 | -3.0805 | -2.6183 | -2.1548 | -1.665 | -1.1684 |
| 1998 | -4.889 | -7.9831 | -8.6661 | -8.4463 | -7.2694 | -6.9851 | -6.9938 | -6.7564 | -6.422 | -6.0456 | -5.6794 | -5.2965 | -4.8286 | -4.362 | -3.9316 | -3.4966 | -3.0885 | -2.6117 | -2.1579 | -1.6749 | -1.1688 |
| 1999 | -4.913 | -7.9808 | -8.6865 | -8.4981 | -7.2849 | -7.0037 | -7.0088 | -6.7825 | -6.4317 | -6.0466 | -5.6663 | -5.2966 | -4.829 | -4.3766 | -3.9363 | -3.508 | -3.0778 | -2.6069 | -2.1317 | -1.6564 | -1.1491 |
| 2000 | -4.9365 | -8.0312 | -8.7466 | -8.507 | -7.3075 | -6.9839 | -6.9939 | -6.8059 | -6.4401 | -6.0394 | -5.6552 | -5.2923 | -4.8438 | -4.3949 | -3.959 | -3.5294 | -3.0914 | -2.6213 | -2.1385 | -1.6675 | -1.164 |
| 2001 | -4.9786 | -8.0093 | -8.7854 | -8.5597 | -7.3108 | -6.9646 | -6.9486 | -6.7823 | -6.4021 | -6.0314 | -5.6407 | -5.276 | -4.8607 | -4.4151 | -3.9798 | -3.549 | -3.1055 | -2.638 | -2.1445 | -1.697 | -1.1909 |
| 2002 | -4.9619 | -8.073 | -8.7967 | -8.5374 | -7.2954 | -6.963 | -6.9602 | -6.7893 | -6.4254 | -6.0181 | -5.6339 | -5.2728 | -4.8658 | -4.4287 | -4.0016 | -3.5606 | -3.1163 | -2.6435 | -2.1448 | -1.7063 | -1.2167 |
| United Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1841 | -1.8788 | -3.3091 | -4.6622 | -5.2491 | -4.883 | -4.7013 | -4.6133 | -4.605 | -4.3986 | -4.4061 | -4.1325 | -4.068 | -3.5717 | -3.5036 | -2.9264 | -2.6775 | -2.1497 | -1.8825 | -1.5327 | -1.2119 | -0.9122 |
| 1842 | -1.7929 | -3.3075 | -4.6986 | -5.2711 | -4.9109 | -4.717 | -4.6506 | -4.6317 | -4.4287 | -4.399 | -4.17 | -4.0755 | -3.6371 | -3.4656 | -2.9402 | -2.6215 | -2.1492 | -1.8869 | -1.5383 | -1.2067 | -0.8602 |
| 1843 | -1.7941 | -3.3495 | -4.7605 | -5.3264 | -4.969 | -4.7271 | -4.6849 | -4.6359 | -4.4457 | -4.3568 | -4.2144 | -4.0637 | -3.7204 | -3.4161 | -3.0069 | -2.5968 | -2.202 | -1.9063 | -1.5578 | -1.226 | -0.8891 |
| 1844 | -1.8067 | -3.3307 | -4.6907 | -5.3161 | -4.9735 | -4.698 | -4.6674 | -4.6075 | -4.4782 | -4.3385 | -4.2308 | -4.0004 | -3.7524 | -3.3395 | -3.0246 | -2.5349 | -2.1937 | -1.8687 | -1.5075 | -1.1675 | -0.8272 |
| 1845 | -1.8588 | -3.3687 | -4.7917 | -5.3526 | -4.9638 | -4.6815 | -4.6909 | -4.6245 | -4.5126 | -4.3277 | -4.2821 | -4.0003 | -3.8263 | -3.327 | -3.0906 | -2.544 | -2.2397 | -1.8938 | -1.5365 | -1.2035 | -0.8783 |
| 1846 | -1.6922 | -3.2382 | -4.784 | -5.2508 | -4.8946 | -4.5978 | -4.6046 | -4.5418 | -4.4666 | -4.273 | -4.2387 | -3.9304 | -3.7936 | -3.2719 | -3.0463 | -2.4995 | -2.1872 | -1.8389 | -1.4549 | -1.0844 | -0.6868 |
| 1847 | -1.7284 | -3.202 | -4.6234 | -5.1622 | -4.8273 | -4.5312 | -4.5139 | -4.4338 | -4.3333 | -4.144 | -4.0898 | -3.7941 | -3.6154 | -3.1502 | -2.8765 | -2.3952 | -2.007 | -1.672 | -1.3171 | -1.0005 | -0.7133 |
| 1848 | -1.7525 | -3.2118 | -4.5706 | -5.191 | -4.8937 | -4.6025 | -4.579 | -4.5184 | -4.4132 | -4.2591 | -4.18 | -3.9324 | -3.6972 | -3.3124 | -2.9593 | -2.5638 | -2.1244 | -1.8114 | -1.4527 | -1.1178 | -0.7992 |
| 1849 | -1.7232 | -3.2332 | -4.4871 | -5.0222 | -4.7802 | -4.4875 | -4.3898 | -4.2996 | -4.1912 | -4.0656 | -3.9393 | -3.7515 | -3.501 | -3.2292 | -2.8353 | -2.522 | -2.0773 | -1.7881 | -1.4557 | -1.1146 | -0.7571 |
| 1850 | -1.8363 | -3.407 | -4.8072 | -5.333 | -5.0109 | -4.7897 | -4.714 | -4.6307 | -4.4969 | -4.383 | -4.2214 | -4.0505 | -3.711 | -3.4583 | -2.9707 | -2.6529 | -2.1754 | -1.8649 | -1.522 | -1.1827 | -0.8403 |
| 1851 | -1.7705 | -3.3191 | -4.7418 | -5.283 | -4.9431 | -4.7271 | -4.6663 | -4.5969 | -4.4515 | -4.3455 | -4.1719 | -4.0277 | -3.6768 | -3.4433 | -2.9524 | -2.6275 | -2.1801 | -1.8631 | -1.529 | -1.1875 | -0.8216 |
| 1852 | -1.7338 | -3.3123 | -4.695 | -5.2498 | -4.9043 | -4.698 | -4.6387 | -4.5794 | -4.445 | -4.3422 | -4.1697 | -4.0175 | -3.6855 | -3.4294 | -3.0021 | -2.6315 | -2.1868 | -1.8347 | -1.5065 | -1.183 | -0.8601 |
| 1853 | -1.7431 | -3.3373 | -4.7542 | -5.2625 | -4.8717 | -4.6497 | -4.5986 | -4.5423 | -4.411 | -4.2868 | -4.1158 | -3.9427 | -3.6513 | -3.3388 | -2.9481 | -2.5283 | -2.1053 | -1.7369 | -1.4128 | -1.1068 | -0.8107 |
| 1854 | -1.7397 | -3.1898 | -4.6331 | -5.1981 | -4.8822 | -4.6252 | -4.5746 | -4.5091 | -4.3787 | -4.2384 | -4.0985 | -3.9148 | -3.6797 | -3.3285 | -2.9918 | -2.5496 | -2.1651 | -1.7981 | -1.4956 | -1.2163 | -0.9527 |
| 1855 | -1.777 | -3.341 | -4.7711 | -5.3056 | -4.953 | -4.6825 | -4.657 | -4.5865 | -4.4454 | -4.2837 | -4.1728 | -3.9349 | -3.6884 | -3.2595 | -2.949 | -2.4634 | -2.0728 | -1.6796 | -1.3382 | -1.032 | -0.7526 |
| 1856 | -1.8307 | -3.4087 | -4.8885 | -5.3918 | -5.0329 | -4.7537 | -4.7243 | -4.6517 | -4.5339 | -4.3687 | -4.2763 | -4.0313 | -3.8324 | -3.3965 | -3.1027 | -2.6379 | -2.2711 | -1.8989 | -1.5729 | -1.2684 | -0.984 |
| 1857 | -1.7596 | -3.3373 | -4.833 | -5.3551 | -5.0162 | -4.7317 | -4.7051 | -4.6365 | -4.525 | -4.3499 | -4.2432 | -3.9861 | -3.7838 | -3.3591 | -3.0253 | -2.5833 | -2.176 | -1.8087 | -1.4766 | -1.1613 | -0.859 |
| 1858 | -1.747 | -3.1902 | -4.5398 | -5.2485 | -4.9714 | -4.7056 | -4.6769 | -4.6096 | -4.4917 | -4.3312 | -4.2205 | -3.9805 | -3.7476 | -3.3557 | -2.9658 | -2.5603 | -2.1269 | -1.7737 | -1.4276 | -1.0967 | -0.777 |
| 1859 | -1.7476 | -3.2488 | -4.6622 | -5.2816 | -5.0086 | -4.7542 | -4.6899 | -4.6127 | -4.4881 | -4.3464 | -4.202 | -3.9857 | -3.7283 | -3.4074 | -2.981 | -2.6204 | -2.1743 | -1.8364 | -1.5047 | -1.1802 | -0.8607 |
| 1860 | -1.8342 | -3.431 | -4.9741 | -5.4511 | -5.0554 | -4.8089 | -4.7204 | -4.6279 | -4.4763 | -4.3645 | -4.2055 | -4.003 | -3.6671 | -3.3896 | -2.9129 | -2.5759 | -2.1088 | -1.7719 | -1.4469 | -1.1297 | -0.8122 |
| 1861 | -1.7899 | -3.3248 | -4.9914 | -5.4398 | -5.0009 | -4.8047 | -4.7151 | -4.6293 | -4.4803 | -4.3942 | -4.2213 | -4.0305 | -3.6689 | -3.4258 | -2.9562 | -2.622 | -2.1564 | -1.811 | -1.4976 | -1.208 | -0.9548 |
| 1862 | -1.8437 | -3.3189 | -4.8713 | -5.4119 | -5.0281 | -4.8235 | -4.7248 | -4.6277 | -4.4666 | -4.373 | -4.206 | -4.0131 | -3.6715 | -3.4077 | -2.9843 | -2.627 | -2.2027 | -1.8505 | -1.5361 | -1.2358 | -0.9558 |
| 1863 | -1.8051 | -3.141 | -4.5706 | -5.2903 | -5.016 | -4.7848 | -4.7001 | -4.6026 | -4.4404 | -4.3397 | -4.2093 | -4.0037 | -3.6816 | -3.3773 | -3.0107 | -2.6202 | -2.2234 | -1.8538 | -1.5117 | -1.1676 | -0.8157 |
| 1864 | -1.7768 | -3.236 | -4.6084 | -5.3014 | -4.9911 | -4.7206 | -4.6342 | -4.5215 | -4.3665 | -4.2418 | -4.1212 | -3.8882 | -3.5991 | -3.2515 | -2.9206 | -2.4997 | -2.14 | -1.7729 | -1.4422 | -1.1076 | -0.7582 |
| 1865 | -1.7281 | -3.3318 | -4.8045 | -5.3721 | -5.0156 | -4.7048 | -4.6277 | -4.5143 | -4.3814 | -4.2365 | -4.1204 | -3.868 | -3.6323 | -3.2663 | -2.9765 | -2.5199 | -2.1586 | -1.7721 | -1.4476 | -1.1272 | -0.8051 |
| 1866 | -1.7304 | -3.3118 | -4.8618 | -5.3926 | -5.014 | -4.6936 | -4.6029 | -4.4673 | -4.3424 | -4.1922 | -4.0992 | -3.8433 | -3.6335 | -3.252 | -2.9659 | -2.5081 | -2.1474 | -1.767 | -1.4431 | -1.121 | -0.7876 |
| 1867 | -1.7686 | -3.4742 | -5.0474 | -5.5364 | -5.088 | -4.7923 | -4.7027 | -4.5586 | -4.4347 | -4.2821 | -4.1885 | -3.9248 | -3.6879 | -3.2997 | -2.9757 | -2.5339 | -2.1291 | -1.7502 | -1.4291 | -1.1282 | -0.8432 |
| 1868 | -1.7459 | -3.3567 | -4.8723 | -5.4708 | -5.1122 | -4.8183 | -4.7149 | -4.5775 | -4.4643 | -4.32 | -4.201 | -3.959 | -3.7134 | -3.3689 | -3.0218 | -2.6296 | -2.2082 | -1.8471 | -1.5501 | -1.2642 | -0.9869 |
| 1869 | -1.7635 | -3.3334 | -4.8234 | -5.4383 | -5.1422 | -4.8602 | -4.7234 | -4.5727 | -4.4425 | -4.3049 | -4.1552 | -3.9396 | -3.6618 | -3.3407 | -2.938 | -2.5719 | -2.1308 | -1.7779 | -1.4894 | -1.2206 | -0.9769 |
| 1870 | -1.7377 | -3.3091 | -4.7553 | -5.3933 | -5.0885 | -4.8421 | -4.6974 | -4.5516 | -4.4095 | -4.2976 | -4.1338 | -3.9439 | -3.6123 | -3.3272 | -2.8996 | -2.5609 | -2.0959 | -1.7367 | -1.4435 | -1.1757 | -0.9491 |
| 1871 | -1.7572 | -3.3747 | -4.8335 | -5.4175 | -5.0339 | -4.7443 | -4.6201 | -4.516 | -4.3674 | -4.2693 | -4.0999 | -3.9411 | -3.6063 | -3.3375 | -2.9056 | -2.5798 | -2.1393 | -1.7819 | -1.4835 | -1.2013 | -0.9449 |
| 1872 | -1.7824 | -3.4936 | -4.9708 | -5.5147 | -5.0984 | -4.8042 | -4.6741 | -4.5742 | -4.4011 | -4.2909 | -4.1339 | -3.9841 | -3.6754 | -3.3769 | -2.9634 | -2.6153 | -2.2081 | -1.8364 | -1.5408 | -1.2586 | -0.9955 |
| 1873 | -1.8056 | -3.5664 | -5.1145 | -5.6361 | -5.2145 | -4.933 | -4.7667 | -4.6415 | -4.4507 | -4.3001 | -4.127 | -3.9436 | -3.6569 | -3.3035 | -2.8979 | -2.5198 | -2.1501 | -1.7673 | -1.4463 | -1.1351 | -0.8158 |
| 1874 | -1.7825 | -3.4056 | -4.8818 | -5.5557 | -5.2078 | -4.8887 | -4.7252 | -4.5979 | -4.403 | -4.2346 | -4.0934 | -3.8907 | -3.6302 | -3.2538 | -2.8973 | -2.5134 | -2.1762 | -1.7876 | -1.4715 | -1.1616 | -0.8429 |
| 1875 | -1.748 | -3.4553 | -4.9777 | -5.5822 | -5.1869 | -4.8821 | -4.7242 | -4.575 | -4.3797 | -4.1864 | -4.0626 | -3.8278 | -3.5865 | -3.183 | -2.8562 | -2.4397 | -2.0776 | -1.6496 | -1.3251 | -1.0198 | -0.7335 |
| 1876 | -1.802 | -3.5358 | -5.0671 | -5.6327 | -5.2579 | -4.9413 | -4.8033 | -4.6461 | -4.4562 | -4.248 | -4.1465 | -3.9048 | -3.6891 | -3.2816 | -2.9605 | -2.5521 | -2.1987 | -1.7787 | -1.4649 | -1.1612 | -0.8623 |
| 1877 | -1.8984 | -3.5647 | -5.127 | -5.633 | -5.3171 | -4.9924 | -4.8285 | -4.6513 | -4.4835 | -4.273 | -4.161 | -3.9106 | -3.6878 | -3.2944 | -2.9431 | -2.5538 | -2.1897 | -1.784 | -1.4448 | -1.1062 | -0.7492 |
| 1878 | -1.7791 | -3.4231 | -5.0502 | -5.6119 | -5.3114 | -5.0148 | -4.8656 | -4.6714 | -4.4891 | -4.2796 | -4.1519 | -3.9018 | -3.6375 | -3.2809 | -2.9062 | -2.5259 | -2.1141 | -1.6963 | -1.3502 | -1.0153 | -0.6834 |
| 1879 | -1.9052 | -3.5208 | -5.1065 | -5.686 | -5.3595 | -5.075 | -4.8923 | -4.674 | -4.4961 | -4.3021 | -4.1289 | -3.8782 | -3.5671 | -3.2461 | -2.83 | -2.4551 | -2.0224 | -1.6033 | -1.2664 | -0.9467 | -0.6385 |
| 1880 | -1.7985 | -3.4049 | -5.0803 | -5.7062 | -5.3736 | -5.1102 | -4.9596 | -4.7481 | -4.5447 | -4.3755 | -4.1856 | -3.9703 | -3.6305 | -3.3649 | -2.9256 | -2.571 | -2.1529 | -1.7446 | -1.4192 | -1.0949 | -0.7726 |
| 1881 | -1.9587 | -3.6727 | -5.1575 | -5.7351 | -5.3746 | -5.1089 | -4.9287 | -4.71 | -4.4918 | -4.3599 | -4.1731 | -3.9715 | -3.6046 | -3.3588 | -2.9342 | -2.5812 | -2.1731 | -1.7647 | -1.4728 | -1.1726 | -0.871 |
| 1882 | -1.8681 | -3.5145 | -5.083 | -5.7369 | -5.3573 | -5.1326 | -4.9278 | -4.7185 | -4.5018 | -4.3793 | -4.1793 | -3.9655 | -3.6238 | -3.3597 | -2.976 | -2.6037 | -2.2079 | -1.7973 | -1.5076 | -1.2128 | -0.9183 |
| 1883 | -1.8962 | -3.6174 | -5.1023 | -5.7159 | -5.3189 | -5.0902 | -4.9066 | -4.7171 | -4.479 | -4.3441 | -4.1521 | -3.9193 | -3.6047 | -3.2988 | -2.9439 | -2.5385 | -2.1411 | -1.7203 | -1.4381 | -1.1655 | -0.9157 |
| 1884 | -1.8183 | -3.5825 | -5.1268 | -5.7407 | -5.3558 | -5.1195 | -4.9281 | -4.7435 | -4.5084 | -4.3565 | -4.1682 | -3.9238 | -3.6634 | -3.3277 | -2.9905 | -2.5644 | -2.1879 | -1.7753 | -1.515 | -1.28 | -1.1012 |
| 1885 | -1.8973 | -3.6504 | -5.2688 | -5.8157 | -5.4044 | -5.1504 | -4.9514 | -4.756 | -4.524 | -4.3569 | -4.1907 | -3.9116 | -3.6571 | -3.2758 | -2.9498 | -2.5043 | -2.1359 | -1.7198 | -1.4211 | -1.1432 | -0.8891 |
| 1886 | -1.8037 | -3.6379 | -5.3407 | -5.8385 | -5.4326 | -5.1902 | -5.0157 | -4.8112 | -4.5792 | -4.3791 | -4.2148 | -3.9062 | -3.6561 | -3.2581 | -2.9278 | -2.4858 | -2.1113 | -1.6923 | -1.345 | -1.0149 | -0.6792 |
| 1887 | -1.8443 | -3.6276 | -5.2844 | -5.8362 | -5.4749 | -5.1986 | -5.0447 | -4.8353 | -4.6026 | -4.381 | -4.2249 | -3.9143 | -3.6538 | -3.2705 | -2.9206 | -2.514 | -2.1311 | -1.7247 | -1.4046 | -1.1065 | -0.8231 |
| 1888 | -1.8987 | -3.7336 | -5.3684 | -5.8794 | -5.5221 | -5.2195 | -5.0671 | -4.8551 | -4.6386 | -4.4027 | -4.2302 | -3.9352 | -3.6643 | -3.3067 | -2.919 | -2.5432 | -2.1479 | -1.7456 | -1.4086 | -1.0926 | -0.7933 |
| 1889 | -1.8398 | -3.6299 | -5.3675 | -5.9086 | -5.555 | -5.2799 | -5.1192 | -4.8895 | -4.6696 | -4.4329 | -4.2539 | -3.9815 | -3.675 | -3.3466 | -2.9371 | -2.5926 | -2.1884 | -1.7869 | -1.4396 | -1.1085 | -0.7906 |
| 1890 | -1.8216 | -3.6015 | -5.3107 | -5.8571 | -5.475 | -5.2097 | -5.017 | -4.7685 | -4.5374 | -4.3013 | -4.1002 | -3.8565 | -3.5198 | -3.235 | -2.8241 | -2.5109 | -2.1048 | -1.7027 | -1.3647 | -1.0374 | -0.7227 |
| 1891 | -1.7947 | -3.6118 | -5.3532 | -5.8982 | -5.4679 | -5.224 | -5.0204 | -4.7791 | -4.5236 | -4.2829 | -4.042 | -3.8111 | -3.4459 | -3.1512 | -2.7275 | -2.4108 | -2.0183 | -1.6089 | -1.2682 | -0.9341 | -0.5938 |
| 1892 | -1.8186 | -3.6404 | -5.3524 | -5.9477 | -5.5327 | -5.3184 | -5.0917 | -4.8661 | -4.5955 | -4.3783 | -4.1382 | -3.927 | -3.5636 | -3.2217 | -2.7995 | -2.4522 | -2.0816 | -1.6529 | -1.309 | -0.9811 | -0.6655 |
| 1893 | -1.735 | -3.675 | -5.2562 | -5.853 | -5.4574 | -5.2601 | -5.0386 | -4.834 | -4.5544 | -4.3547 | -4.1308 | -3.9379 | -3.608 | -3.2447 | -2.8581 | -2.502 | -2.1737 | -1.7414 | -1.4081 | -1.0677 | -0.7094 |
| 1894 | -1.9085 | -3.79 | -5.4241 | -6.0278 | -5.6086 | -5.3625 | -5.1598 | -4.981 | -4.7067 | -4.4996 | -4.2636 | -4.0548 | -3.7574 | -3.373 | -3.0106 | -2.6344 | -2.312 | -1.8616 | -1.5488 | -1.2291 | -0.9069 |
| 1895 | -1.7182 | -3.6959 | -5.4605 | -5.9996 | -5.6088 | -5.3602 | -5.1571 | -4.9612 | -4.6901 | -4.4621 | -4.2144 | -3.9469 | -3.6429 | -3.2259 | -2.8854 | -2.4834 | -2.1299 | -1.6414 | -1.3258 | -1.022 | -0.7608 |
| 1896 | -1.8185 | -3.6888 | -5.3829 | -6.0415 | -5.6843 | -5.4178 | -5.2333 | -5.0146 | -4.7457 | -4.503 | -4.2885 | -4.017 | -3.7604 | -3.349 | -3.0152 | -2.6378 | -2.3138 | -1.8527 | -1.5282 | -1.1804 | -0.8188 |
| 1897 | -1.7569 | -3.7757 | -5.5096 | -6.0454 | -5.6777 | -5.4153 | -5.2354 | -4.9951 | -4.7486 | -4.4933 | -4.2889 | -3.9929 | -3.7366 | -3.3346 | -2.9775 | -2.6069 | -2.2393 | -1.7791 | -1.4731 | -1.1485 | -0.8174 |
| 1898 | -1.7243 | -3.7734 | -5.5573 | -6.0933 | -5.7079 | -5.4225 | -5.2563 | -5.0006 | -4.757 | -4.4913 | -4.292 | -3.99 | -3.7196 | -3.3372 | -2.9511 | -2.5981 | -2.212 | -1.77 | -1.455 | -1.1323 | -0.8057 |
| 1899 | -1.7045 | -3.7995 | -5.4787 | -6.0314 | -5.6803 | -5.3915 | -5.2231 | -4.9535 | -4.6983 | -4.4216 | -4.2073 | -3.9158 | -3.6325 | -3.2826 | -2.8678 | -2.5232 | -2.1252 | -1.6972 | -1.3927 | -1.0985 | -0.8146 |
| 1900 | -1.7791 | -3.7567 | -5.4683 | -6.0237 | -5.6575 | -5.379 | -5.2118 | -4.9542 | -4.6949 | -4.4234 | -4.1841 | -3.894 | -3.5666 | -3.2582 | -2.8397 | -2.5047 | -2.1014 | -1.6736 | -1.3834 | -1.106 | -0.8473 |
| 1901 | -1.7974 | -3.8545 | -5.5038 | -6.0556 | -5.7021 | -5.4626 | -5.2854 | -5.0349 | -4.7637 | -4.5196 | -4.2742 | -4.0059 | -3.6574 | -3.3706 | -2.9474 | -2.5968 | -2.2023 | -1.7686 | -1.487 | -1.2241 | -0.9948 |
| 1902 | -1.9153 | -3.8893 | -5.4959 | -6.0861 | -5.7431 | -5.4805 | -5.2902 | -5.065 | -4.7771 | -4.557 | -4.2885 | -4.0266 | -3.6722 | -3.3828 | -2.9695 | -2.5899 | -2.2136 | -1.7739 | -1.4874 | -1.2219 | -0.9909 |
| 1903 | -1.9386 | -3.9822 | -5.6281 | -6.1741 | -5.8182 | -5.5785 | -5.3567 | -5.1332 | -4.8467 | -4.6384 | -4.347 | -4.082 | -3.7371 | -3.4324 | -3.0306 | -2.6245 | -2.2679 | -1.8338 | -1.5547 | -1.2998 | -1.0869 |
| 1904 | -1.8411 | -3.8859 | -5.6007 | -6.143 | -5.786 | -5.5592 | -5.3642 | -5.158 | -4.8584 | -4.6494 | -4.3469 | -4.0724 | -3.7069 | -3.3841 | -2.9965 | -2.5712 | -2.2025 | -1.7644 | -1.4704 | -1.1982 | -0.9808 |
| 1905 | -1.9746 | -4.0158 | -5.6368 | -6.1539 | -5.8083 | -5.5707 | -5.3876 | -5.1916 | -4.9003 | -4.6775 | -4.3766 | -4.0943 | -3.7435 | -3.406 | -3.0302 | -2.5994 | -2.2324 | -1.8044 | -1.4963 | -1.18 | -0.8864 |
| 1906 | -1.9339 | -4.0273 | -5.6117 | -6.139 | -5.7969 | -5.5866 | -5.4071 | -5.191 | -4.9147 | -4.665 | -4.3986 | -4.0863 | -3.7494 | -3.3914 | -3.0425 | -2.61 | -2.2158 | -1.7899 | -1.461 | -1.1123 | -0.792 |
| 1907 | -2.0688 | -4.0224 | -5.6472 | -6.179 | -5.821 | -5.604 | -5.4267 | -5.1951 | -4.9391 | -4.6512 | -4.4131 | -4.0765 | -3.7489 | -3.362 | -3.0131 | -2.5892 | -2.1804 | -1.7768 | -1.4525 | -1.0826 | -0.726 |
| 1908 | -2.0276 | -4.1031 | -5.6888 | -6.202 | -5.8638 | -5.6109 | -5.4468 | -5.2307 | -5.0025 | -4.6947 | -4.453 | -4.1042 | -3.7828 | -3.3908 | -3.0362 | -2.6261 | -2.1897 | -1.7841 | -1.4753 | -1.1048 | -0.7454 |
| 1909 | -2.1503 | -4.1112 | -5.6753 | -6.1778 | -5.8368 | -5.6239 | -5.4636 | -5.2393 | -5.0206 | -4.698 | -4.4534 | -4.098 | -3.7924 | -3.3682 | -2.9919 | -2.5852 | -2.1589 | -1.752 | -1.4327 | -1.0496 | -0.5983 |
| 1910 | -2.166 | -4.2274 | -5.7948 | -6.2564 | -5.923 | -5.685 | -5.5528 | -5.3099 | -5.0591 | -4.806 | -4.5267 | -4.1866 | -3.8529 | -3.4618 | -3.1003 | -2.6558 | -2.2441 | -1.8827 | -1.4861 | -1.2006 | -0.9066 |
| 1911 | -1.9517 | -4.0293 | -5.6766 | -6.1848 | -5.8476 | -5.6453 | -5.4992 | -5.2882 | -5.0422 | -4.7922 | -4.4997 | -4.1802 | -3.8404 | -3.454 | -3.0979 | -2.623 | -2.238 | -1.8553 | -1.4686 | -1.2143 | -0.9149 |
| 1912 | -2.2861 | -4.2258 | -5.7773 | -6.2577 | -5.8818 | -5.6951 | -5.5325 | -5.3342 | -5.0582 | -4.8349 | -4.5023 | -4.2061 | -3.846 | -3.4679 | -3.1051 | -2.6112 | -2.2325 | -1.8504 | -1.4572 | -1.1912 | -0.804 |
| 1913 | -2.1563 | -4.1987 | -5.7523 | -6.2389 | -5.9243 | -5.7007 | -5.5516 | -5.3379 | -5.0666 | -4.8329 | -4.5003 | -4.1939 | -3.8462 | -3.458 | -3.1125 | -2.6229 | -2.2504 | -1.8621 | -1.4803 | -1.1924 | -0.9316 |
| 1914 | -2.1938 | -4.178 | -5.6799 | -6.1561 | -5.2533 | -4.9328 | -5.0651 | -5.1163 | -4.9604 | -4.785 | -4.5006 | -4.1548 | -3.8497 | -3.4491 | -3.1023 | -2.6112 | -2.2382 | -1.8567 | -1.4599 | -1.1432 | -0.8304 |
| 1915 | -2.1922 | -3.9873 | -5.5582 | -6.059 | -4.8576 | -4.3181 | -4.5523 | -4.803 | -4.7984 | -4.7095 | -4.4628 | -4.1226 | -3.7926 | -3.3743 | -3.028 | -2.5112 | -2.1041 | -1.7227 | -1.3124 | -1.0356 | -0.6694 |
| 1916 | -2.3518 | -4.355 | -5.7247 | -6.1159 | -4.5687 | -3.8934 | -4.1373 | -4.5164 | -4.6802 | -4.7056 | -4.5372 | -4.1958 | -3.87 | -3.4674 | -3.0614 | -2.5794 | -2.1384 | -1.7589 | -1.3351 | -1.046 | -0.6978 |
| 1917 | -2.3689 | -4.2776 | -5.7261 | -6.1207 | -4.3932 | -3.6824 | -3.8896 | -4.2892 | -4.544 | -4.6485 | -4.5476 | -4.2428 | -3.8966 | -3.4938 | -3.0879 | -2.6189 | -2.1547 | -1.8005 | -1.3693 | -1.0708 | -0.6983 |
| 1918 | -2.2767 | -3.8421 | -5.1661 | -5.5892 | -4.2805 | -3.5275 | -3.5793 | -3.8976 | -4.2475 | -4.421 | -4.3587 | -4.1078 | -3.8661 | -3.4911 | -3.0841 | -2.6731 | -2.248 | -1.9308 | -1.5193 | -1.2542 | -0.8804 |
| 1919 | -2.337 | -4.3942 | -5.6405 | -6.0796 | -5.6065 | -5.2667 | -5.0299 | -5.0043 | -4.9821 | -4.8519 | -4.6073 | -4.2838 | -3.9356 | -3.5374 | -3.108 | -2.6651 | -2.1596 | -1.8082 | -1.3702 | -1.0722 | -0.7213 |
| 1920 | -2.3141 | -4.4339 | -5.7175 | -6.2275 | -5.8568 | -5.6055 | -5.4843 | -5.3542 | -5.1811 | -4.9994 | -4.7309 | -4.3916 | -4.0532 | -3.6437 | -3.2233 | -2.7947 | -2.3238 | -1.9507 | -1.5457 | -1.256 | -0.9382 |
| 1921 | -2.4679 | -4.5608 | -5.8911 | -6.3219 | -5.8917 | -5.6905 | -5.5985 | -5.4767 | -5.256 | -5.0436 | -4.7696 | -4.4259 | -4.0592 | -3.6547 | -3.2281 | -2.7692 | -2.311 | -1.9066 | -1.4843 | -1.189 | -0.8655 |
| 1922 | -2.545 | -4.3817 | -5.959 | -6.3252 | -5.9429 | -5.6718 | -5.5726 | -5.4358 | -5.2061 | -5.012 | -4.7185 | -4.3755 | -4.0011 | -3.5767 | -3.1359 | -2.6714 | -2.2105 | -1.8218 | -1.4268 | -1.1196 | -0.7616 |
| 1923 | -2.6342 | -4.6991 | -6.0957 | -6.414 | -5.9808 | -5.7591 | -5.6638 | -5.5578 | -5.3276 | -5.0915 | -4.7828 | -4.4673 | -4.0771 | -3.6597 | -3.2203 | -2.7725 | -2.3157 | -1.9093 | -1.4776 | -1.2212 | -0.883 |
| 1924 | -2.5599 | -4.618 | -6.0978 | -6.3957 | -5.974 | -5.7292 | -5.6648 | -5.5401 | -5.2928 | -5.0616 | -4.758 | -4.4399 | -4.0468 | -3.6182 | -3.1675 | -2.6986 | -2.2489 | -1.8515 | -1.4588 | -1.1405 | -0.8163 |
| 1925 | -2.5535 | -4.6346 | -6.0111 | -6.3933 | -5.955 | -5.7618 | -5.6669 | -5.5782 | -5.3459 | -5.0825 | -4.7629 | -4.4418 | -4.0713 | -3.6579 | -3.1892 | -2.7254 | -2.246 | -1.8525 | -1.43 | -1.1208 | -0.769 |
| 1926 | -2.6189 | -4.7804 | -6.0354 | -6.5049 | -6.0172 | -5.8095 | -5.7048 | -5.6351 | -5.3758 | -5.1228 | -4.8182 | -4.4891 | -4.1108 | -3.6983 | -3.2278 | -2.7748 | -2.2992 | -1.9055 | -1.4751 | -1.1789 | -0.8564 |
| 1927 | -2.6473 | -4.6901 | -6.0612 | -6.4635 | -5.998 | -5.7726 | -5.6865 | -5.5815 | -5.3288 | -5.0463 | -4.7572 | -4.4177 | -4.07 | -3.6347 | -3.1764 | -2.7004 | -2.2117 | -1.8226 | -1.4019 | -1.1247 | -0.8323 |
| 1928 | -2.6826 | -4.8631 | -6.0586 | -6.4322 | -5.9944 | -5.7891 | -5.7362 | -5.6189 | -5.4139 | -5.1191 | -4.8291 | -4.4724 | -4.1142 | -3.6986 | -3.2291 | -2.771 | -2.2976 | -1.9083 | -1.4871 | -1.1771 | -0.8658 |
| 1929 | -2.5642 | -4.5388 | -5.9829 | -6.4008 | -5.9492 | -5.7218 | -5.6807 | -5.5488 | -5.3159 | -5.0247 | -4.7169 | -4.3527 | -4.0094 | -3.573 | -3.1087 | -2.6231 | -2.1259 | -1.7508 | -1.3258 | -1.0362 | -0.6665 |
| 1930 | -2.7578 | -4.9779 | -6.0812 | -6.4752 | -6.0095 | -5.8112 | -5.7518 | -5.6418 | -5.4536 | -5.1775 | -4.8515 | -4.4949 | -4.1317 | -3.7109 | -3.2679 | -2.7933 | -2.3327 | -1.9521 | -1.5445 | -1.2267 | -0.8599 |
| 1931 | -2.6758 | -4.8862 | -6.1477 | -6.5228 | -5.9925 | -5.7767 | -5.7381 | -5.6521 | -5.4293 | -5.1478 | -4.8106 | -4.4644 | -4.0934 | -3.6705 | -3.2051 | -2.7289 | -2.245 | -1.842 | -1.4123 | -1.1134 | -0.8112 |
| 1932 | -2.7087 | -4.9652 | -6.182 | -6.581 | -6.0321 | -5.8009 | -5.7842 | -5.6949 | -5.4633 | -5.226 | -4.8549 | -4.5139 | -4.1211 | -3.6967 | -3.2265 | -2.7455 | -2.2633 | -1.8616 | -1.4183 | -1.1125 | -0.7365 |
| 1933 | -2.7569 | -5.0223 | -6.1221 | -6.5463 | -6.0266 | -5.7819 | -5.7413 | -5.6589 | -5.4008 | -5.1473 | -4.7886 | -4.4603 | -4.0925 | -3.6929 | -3.2375 | -2.7435 | -2.2628 | -1.8279 | -1.4058 | -1.0866 | -0.777 |
| 1934 | -2.7854 | -5.0211 | -6.0191 | -6.532 | -6.1094 | -5.8606 | -5.8238 | -5.7253 | -5.5126 | -5.263 | -4.8852 | -4.5168 | -4.1384 | -3.7166 | -3.2701 | -2.779 | -2.3298 | -1.9342 | -1.5138 | -1.2238 | -0.8869 |
| 1935 | -2.8118 | -5.2861 | -6.1942 | -6.6324 | -6.1845 | -5.9025 | -5.852 | -5.7727 | -5.5399 | -5.2806 | -4.9078 | -4.5375 | -4.1545 | -3.7165 | -3.2717 | -2.7925 | -2.3187 | -1.9117 | -1.4988 | -1.1662 | -0.845 |
| 1936 | -2.7829 | -5.2075 | -6.2201 | -6.719 | -6.2385 | -5.916 | -5.9067 | -5.8327 | -5.5624 | -5.3011 | -4.9215 | -4.5073 | -4.1274 | -3.692 | -3.2555 | -2.7657 | -2.2826 | -1.8807 | -1.4622 | -1.1122 | -0.7684 |
| 1937 | -2.8033 | -5.2803 | -6.2818 | -6.7452 | -6.2289 | -5.9227 | -5.8969 | -5.7942 | -5.5582 | -5.2666 | -4.906 | -4.4922 | -4.1254 | -3.6531 | -3.2427 | -2.7601 | -2.2782 | -1.8576 | -1.4385 | -1.0869 | -0.7349 |
| 1938 | -2.8934 | -5.3875 | -6.282 | -6.7398 | -6.2812 | -5.9892 | -5.9699 | -5.8922 | -5.6519 | -5.3685 | -4.9908 | -4.5803 | -4.1985 | -3.7432 | -3.3118 | -2.8413 | -2.3491 | -1.9494 | -1.5347 | -1.1964 | -0.8936 |
| 1939 | -2.9514 | -5.6552 | -6.5153 | -6.883 | -6.3171 | -6.0068 | -5.9669 | -5.9182 | -5.6867 | -5.3839 | -4.9927 | -4.5563 | -4.16 | -3.713 | -3.2807 | -2.7934 | -2.2843 | -1.8659 | -1.4481 | -1.1046 | -0.7145 |
| 1940 | -2.8494 | -5.3285 | -6.2333 | -6.5729 | -5.787 | -5.2562 | -5.4771 | -5.5357 | -5.4069 | -5.1743 | -4.8204 | -4.4023 | -4.008 | -3.5853 | -3.1671 | -2.7077 | -2.2031 | -1.7843 | -1.3609 | -1.0271 | -0.6085 |
| 1941 | -2.8064 | -5.2374 | -6.1894 | -6.5937 | -5.8582 | -5.4714 | -5.6063 | -5.6107 | -5.4953 | -5.2539 | -4.9203 | -4.5354 | -4.1323 | -3.7218 | -3.2806 | -2.8334 | -2.3326 | -1.9121 | -1.4691 | -1.1367 | -0.7403 |
| 1942 | -2.9155 | -5.6781 | -6.5065 | -6.8669 | -5.717 | -5.2196 | -5.4179 | -5.5461 | -5.5534 | -5.3866 | -5.0423 | -4.6688 | -4.2425 | -3.8302 | -3.3674 | -2.9288 | -2.4398 | -2.0229 | -1.5803 | -1.2559 | -0.871 |
| 1943 | -2.9589 | -5.708 | -6.5715 | -6.8702 | -5.4788 | -5.0439 | -5.2249 | -5.417 | -5.5128 | -5.3585 | -5.0392 | -4.6293 | -4.2313 | -3.8206 | -3.3607 | -2.9023 | -2.41 | -1.9664 | -1.5064 | -1.1638 | -0.805 |
| 1944 | -3.0215 | -5.8697 | -6.5851 | -6.8582 | -5.3334 | -4.8954 | -5.1362 | -5.4118 | -5.564 | -5.3999 | -5.0754 | -4.6757 | -4.2714 | -3.8288 | -3.3895 | -2.9452 | -2.4753 | -2.027 | -1.5837 | -1.2488 | -0.8463 |
| 1945 | -3.0792 | -5.9389 | -6.7362 | -6.9975 | -5.2696 | -4.5699 | -4.8336 | -5.2043 | -5.4361 | -5.4117 | -5.1127 | -4.7027 | -4.287 | -3.8368 | -3.401 | -2.9405 | -2.4683 | -2.0239 | -1.5928 | -1.2372 | -0.9141 |
| 1946 | -3.0785 | -6.172 | -7.0613 | -7.189 | -6.5609 | -6.2974 | -6.3063 | -6.181 | -5.9682 | -5.6163 | -5.1429 | -4.735 | -4.3022 | -3.841 | -3.4244 | -2.9393 | -2.4502 | -2.0058 | -1.5632 | -1.1973 | -0.8145 |
| 1947 | -3.0831 | -6.1454 | -7.0187 | -7.2635 | -6.6163 | -6.3289 | -6.2704 | -6.1766 | -5.9758 | -5.6284 | -5.1598 | -4.7238 | -4.2937 | -3.8317 | -3.4008 | -2.8959 | -2.404 | -1.953 | -1.507 | -1.1558 | -0.7864 |
| 1948 | -3.4006 | -6.3401 | -7.1953 | -7.4232 | -6.7624 | -6.4688 | -6.363 | -6.2643 | -6.0804 | -5.7153 | -5.2301 | -4.8013 | -4.3571 | -3.8883 | -3.4669 | -2.9902 | -2.5242 | -2.0989 | -1.6808 | -1.3445 | -0.9489 |
| 1949 | -3.4402 | -6.4573 | -7.2837 | -7.4809 | -6.8553 | -6.5004 | -6.4179 | -6.3387 | -6.0765 | -5.7155 | -5.2242 | -4.779 | -4.3143 | -3.8376 | -3.3919 | -2.8933 | -2.4201 | -1.982 | -1.5307 | -1.1769 | -0.7972 |
| 1950 | -3.5119 | -6.6056 | -7.3542 | -7.6317 | -6.9927 | -6.6784 | -6.5123 | -6.3922 | -6.1365 | -5.7714 | -5.2413 | -4.7907 | -4.332 | -3.8476 | -3.3943 | -2.9141 | -2.4116 | -1.9709 | -1.5252 | -1.1694 | -0.8498 |
| 1951 | -3.4967 | -6.5814 | -7.5165 | -7.6598 | -7.1845 | -6.7908 | -6.6306 | -6.4406 | -6.1573 | -5.7659 | -5.2437 | -4.7444 | -4.2771 | -3.7839 | -3.3106 | -2.837 | -2.3291 | -1.8818 | -1.4441 | -1.0996 | -0.77 |
| 1952 | -3.5718 | -6.7416 | -7.6142 | -7.7712 | -7.2764 | -6.874 | -6.7861 | -6.5817 | -6.2513 | -5.8487 | -5.3305 | -4.8269 | -4.3416 | -3.8882 | -3.4222 | -2.957 | -2.4614 | -2.015 | -1.5738 | -1.2251 | -0.8629 |
| 1953 | -3.5928 | -6.7426 | -7.6294 | -7.8229 | -7.3839 | -6.9824 | -6.826 | -6.6186 | -6.2879 | -5.8837 | -5.3505 | -4.8432 | -4.3648 | -3.8879 | -3.4243 | -2.9555 | -2.4609 | -2.0128 | -1.5712 | -1.237 | -0.8609 |
| 1954 | -3.6588 | -6.9667 | -7.8054 | -7.9037 | -7.399 | -7.0484 | -6.9068 | -6.6386 | -6.3267 | -5.8774 | -5.3792 | -4.8478 | -4.3789 | -3.9067 | -3.4401 | -2.9651 | -2.4867 | -2.0279 | -1.5961 | -1.2259 | -0.8571 |
| 1955 | -3.6806 | -6.9044 | -7.7591 | -7.8818 | -7.384 | -7.0648 | -6.9352 | -6.7195 | -6.3889 | -5.9158 | -5.3874 | -4.853 | -4.381 | -3.9037 | -3.4285 | -2.9461 | -2.4538 | -1.9907 | -1.5375 | -1.1928 | -0.793 |
| 1956 | -3.7044 | -7.006 | -7.8216 | -8.011 | -7.5014 | -7.1426 | -7.0046 | -6.7524 | -6.3935 | -5.9259 | -5.4038 | -4.8933 | -4.3799 | -3.9043 | -3.4382 | -2.9521 | -2.4573 | -2.0063 | -1.5393 | -1.1887 | -0.8299 |
| 1957 | -3.7343 | -6.9387 | -7.8019 | -7.8922 | -7.3236 | -7.1041 | -6.9965 | -6.7754 | -6.3781 | -5.9134 | -5.411 | -4.8762 | -4.367 | -3.894 | -3.4419 | -2.9741 | -2.5158 | -2.0731 | -1.6376 | -1.2695 | -0.9074 |
| 1958 | -3.7652 | -7.0367 | -7.8214 | -8.0635 | -7.4609 | -7.1514 | -7.0558 | -6.8116 | -6.4284 | -5.9375 | -5.4257 | -4.8922 | -4.3812 | -3.9182 | -3.4506 | -2.9735 | -2.4905 | -2.0362 | -1.5874 | -1.219 | -0.8552 |
| 1959 | -3.7875 | -7.0113 | -7.8019 | -8.0039 | -7.3581 | -7.1132 | -7.0862 | -6.8344 | -6.3966 | -5.9666 | -5.4603 | -4.9129 | -4.3848 | -3.9187 | -3.4671 | -2.984 | -2.5015 | -2.0636 | -1.6087 | -1.2502 | -0.865 |
| 1960 | -3.7885 | -7.0512 | -7.7384 | -8.0423 | -7.3869 | -7.1297 | -7.1164 | -6.8762 | -6.4182 | -5.98 | -5.4451 | -4.9294 | -4.4117 | -3.9304 | -3.4825 | -3.0178 | -2.5189 | -2.0851 | -1.6385 | -1.2663 | -0.9185 |
| 1961 | -3.8086 | -6.9902 | -7.8182 | -8.0278 | -7.3443 | -7.1215 | -7.114 | -6.845 | -6.429 | -5.9655 | -5.4273 | -4.9141 | -4.3985 | -3.898 | -3.4445 | -2.9701 | -2.4913 | -2.0512 | -1.603 | -1.2222 | -0.8277 |
| 1962 | -3.7953 | -7.0633 | -7.8697 | -7.9959 | -7.3436 | -7.1356 | -7.1425 | -6.8616 | -6.4214 | -5.9751 | -5.4258 | -4.9248 | -4.3932 | -3.8921 | -3.4457 | -2.976 | -2.5065 | -2.0556 | -1.5991 | -1.2286 | -0.872 |
| 1963 | -3.8295 | -7.0071 | -7.8173 | -8.0625 | -7.3642 | -7.1618 | -7.1251 | -6.8506 | -6.4366 | -5.9417 | -5.3994 | -4.9173 | -4.3869 | -3.8833 | -3.4332 | -2.9623 | -2.4974 | -2.0299 | -1.5771 | -1.211 | -0.8614 |
| 1964 | -3.8769 | -7.1223 | -7.8538 | -8.0265 | -7.2626 | -7.1492 | -7.118 | -6.8826 | -6.4611 | -5.9246 | -5.4434 | -4.94 | -4.4381 | -3.9369 | -3.5041 | -3.0469 | -2.6147 | -2.1451 | -1.7148 | -1.3707 | -0.986 |
| 1965 | -3.9422 | -7.1051 | -7.8413 | -7.9528 | -7.251 | -7.1863 | -7.1315 | -6.9134 | -6.4438 | -5.9276 | -5.4474 | -4.9255 | -4.4411 | -3.9297 | -3.4834 | -3.0332 | -2.5983 | -2.1379 | -1.6982 | -1.3271 | -0.9716 |
| 1966 | -3.949 | -7.0799 | -7.9089 | -8.0002 | -7.1975 | -7.1992 | -7.1603 | -6.9038 | -6.4781 | -5.9565 | -5.4461 | -4.9149 | -4.4338 | -3.9358 | -3.4698 | -3.0233 | -2.5703 | -2.1169 | -1.6783 | -1.2978 | -0.9314 |
| 1967 | -3.9892 | -7.1664 | -7.9047 | -7.9716 | -7.2727 | -7.2552 | -7.2115 | -6.9852 | -6.5191 | -5.9898 | -5.4746 | -4.9603 | -4.4653 | -3.9756 | -3.5104 | -3.0703 | -2.6314 | -2.1829 | -1.7473 | -1.3615 | -0.9944 |
| 1968 | -3.9912 | -7.1231 | -7.8942 | -8.023 | -7.3665 | -7.3038 | -7.2487 | -6.9992 | -6.5436 | -5.9689 | -5.4588 | -4.9267 | -4.4433 | -3.95 | -3.4774 | -3.0222 | -2.561 | -2.1158 | -1.6657 | -1.2765 | -0.9014 |
| 1969 | -4.012 | -7.1615 | -7.9946 | -8.1318 | -7.3305 | -7.2903 | -7.2239 | -6.9777 | -6.5464 | -5.9396 | -5.3809 | -4.919 | -4.4254 | -3.9246 | -3.4409 | -3.01 | -2.5832 | -2.1587 | -1.7341 | -1.3487 | -0.9583 |
| 1970 | -4.0021 | -7.239 | -7.9989 | -8.123 | -7.3633 | -7.243 | -7.2529 | -6.9964 | -6.5809 | -5.9779 | -5.4229 | -4.9397 | -4.4405 | -3.964 | -3.4795 | -3.0393 | -2.6019 | -2.1692 | -1.7385 | -1.3457 | -0.9448 |
| 1971 | -4.0244 | -7.2729 | -7.9148 | -8.098 | -7.3426 | -7.2831 | -7.3042 | -6.9941 | -6.5743 | -5.997 | -5.4293 | -4.9562 | -4.4737 | -3.9932 | -3.5295 | -3.0788 | -2.6335 | -2.1878 | -1.7542 | -1.3561 | -0.9796 |
| 1972 | -4.0762 | -7.2076 | -7.9582 | -8.1717 | -7.3651 | -7.2582 | -7.285 | -7.0584 | -6.5695 | -6.0157 | -5.4205 | -4.9276 | -4.4391 | -3.9735 | -3.4956 | -3.0329 | -2.5933 | -2.157 | -1.7177 | -1.3256 | -0.9403 |
| 1973 | -4.1006 | -7.2781 | -8.0279 | -8.189 | -7.3546 | -7.2125 | -7.24 | -7.0392 | -6.6118 | -6.0132 | -5.4251 | -4.9506 | -4.4498 | -4.005 | -3.5193 | -3.0586 | -2.6131 | -2.1623 | -1.7274 | -1.3329 | -0.9327 |
| 1974 | -4.1219 | -7.3309 | -8.0959 | -8.1945 | -7.3632 | -7.2847 | -7.3332 | -7.0598 | -6.6268 | -6.0396 | -5.4477 | -4.9154 | -4.4797 | -4.0135 | -3.5339 | -3.0612 | -2.6388 | -2.1827 | -1.7419 | -1.3234 | -0.9475 |
| 1975 | -4.1678 | -7.4074 | -8.1509 | -8.2556 | -7.3866 | -7.2528 | -7.3055 | -7.0735 | -6.6466 | -6.0777 | -5.4826 | -4.9488 | -4.5079 | -4.0192 | -3.552 | -3.0872 | -2.6437 | -2.1877 | -1.7506 | -1.3428 | -0.9467 |
| 1976 | -4.2531 | -7.4964 | -8.1449 | -8.2564 | -7.3852 | -7.2848 | -7.3052 | -7.0983 | -6.6469 | -6.091 | -5.5074 | -4.9479 | -4.5004 | -4.0019 | -3.5456 | -3.0762 | -2.6229 | -2.163 | -1.7097 | -1.2943 | -0.9014 |
| 1977 | -4.2836 | -7.4995 | -8.234 | -8.3221 | -7.4333 | -7.3083 | -7.3231 | -7.129 | -6.6697 | -6.1433 | -5.5281 | -4.9872 | -4.5305 | -4.0349 | -3.5791 | -3.1196 | -2.6729 | -2.2243 | -1.7858 | -1.3765 | -0.9778 |
| 1978 | -4.2968 | -7.4802 | -8.1665 | -8.2706 | -7.3619 | -7.2504 | -7.2799 | -7.1019 | -6.6332 | -6.1386 | -5.5441 | -4.9676 | -4.5103 | -4.0291 | -3.5733 | -3.1188 | -2.6653 | -2.2256 | -1.7851 | -1.3841 | -0.9822 |
| 1979 | -4.3143 | -7.5968 | -8.2016 | -8.3066 | -7.4374 | -7.3475 | -7.2828 | -7.1065 | -6.6952 | -6.1536 | -5.5623 | -4.9838 | -4.4814 | -4.0406 | -3.5883 | -3.1218 | -2.6599 | -2.2198 | -1.7824 | -1.3621 | -0.9743 |
| 1980 | -4.3842 | -7.5823 | -8.2684 | -8.3655 | -7.4321 | -7.3621 | -7.3442 | -7.1619 | -6.7223 | -6.1943 | -5.6132 | -5.0359 | -4.5177 | -4.0651 | -3.6133 | -3.1541 | -2.6959 | -2.2574 | -1.8096 | -1.4006 | -1.0096 |
| 1981 | -4.5009 | -7.6074 | -8.3607 | -8.3234 | -7.4558 | -7.429 | -7.3609 | -7.1567 | -6.7979 | -6.2069 | -5.6351 | -5.069 | -4.5422 | -4.1028 | -3.6358 | -3.1679 | -2.7208 | -2.2591 | -1.8244 | -1.4097 | -1.0041 |
| 1982 | -4.5244 | -7.6702 | -8.4612 | -8.3447 | -7.5137 | -7.3996 | -7.3799 | -7.1439 | -6.7945 | -6.2576 | -5.6828 | -5.106 | -4.5598 | -4.1076 | -3.628 | -3.1706 | -2.7221 | -2.2637 | -1.8215 | -1.4115 | -1.0195 |
| 1983 | -4.5807 | -7.7286 | -8.4039 | -8.3727 | -7.528 | -7.4728 | -7.3825 | -7.1827 | -6.8042 | -6.2873 | -5.6877 | -5.1391 | -4.5841 | -4.101 | -3.6344 | -3.1883 | -2.7421 | -2.2789 | -1.8397 | -1.4222 | -1.0255 |
| 1984 | -4.6473 | -7.7623 | -8.4788 | -8.3857 | -7.5813 | -7.4494 | -7.3777 | -7.1942 | -6.8368 | -6.3271 | -5.7229 | -5.1726 | -4.6151 | -4.1013 | -3.6784 | -3.2217 | -2.7773 | -2.3225 | -1.8902 | -1.4599 | -1.0573 |
| 1985 | -4.653 | -7.6996 | -8.524 | -8.3323 | -7.6322 | -7.4623 | -7.4681 | -7.2039 | -6.8126 | -6.309 | -5.7464 | -5.1835 | -4.6265 | -4.0986 | -3.6708 | -3.1963 | -2.7426 | -2.2791 | -1.8347 | -1.4017 | -1.0096 |
| 1986 | -4.6434 | -7.7717 | -8.5698 | -8.5026 | -7.5755 | -7.4503 | -7.4332 | -7.1774 | -6.8186 | -6.3438 | -5.7581 | -5.2241 | -4.6629 | -4.1295 | -3.6957 | -3.2182 | -2.7649 | -2.3165 | -1.868 | -1.4433 | -1.0457 |
| 1987 | -4.6671 | -7.7817 | -8.6401 | -8.4595 | -7.592 | -7.4374 | -7.4505 | -7.1316 | -6.8321 | -6.3535 | -5.7939 | -5.253 | -4.6842 | -4.1595 | -3.723 | -3.2443 | -2.8067 | -2.3599 | -1.9264 | -1.4982 | -1.088 |
| 1988 | -4.6844 | -7.7816 | -8.5526 | -8.4763 | -7.6114 | -7.4275 | -7.4397 | -7.1379 | -6.8232 | -6.357 | -5.8045 | -5.2873 | -4.7291 | -4.1699 | -3.7196 | -3.2503 | -2.8185 | -2.3664 | -1.9154 | -1.4898 | -1.0549 |
| 1989 | -4.7661 | -7.8061 | -8.5509 | -8.5661 | -7.5555 | -7.4198 | -7.4172 | -7.1925 | -6.7923 | -6.388 | -5.8393 | -5.317 | -4.7608 | -4.2063 | -3.7089 | -3.2824 | -2.8173 | -2.3578 | -1.8993 | -1.4627 | -1.0336 |
| 1990 | -4.8158 | -7.8682 | -8.6577 | -8.5682 | -7.5638 | -7.3714 | -7.3279 | -7.1887 | -6.7943 | -6.3825 | -5.8624 | -5.3363 | -4.7841 | -4.2345 | -3.7394 | -3.3134 | -2.8481 | -2.3984 | -1.9517 | -1.5194 | -1.0572 |
| 1991 | -4.9017 | -7.9127 | -8.6028 | -8.5728 | -7.5739 | -7.3932 | -7.3873 | -7.1701 | -6.7949 | -6.387 | -5.8911 | -5.347 | -4.8311 | -4.2732 | -3.756 | -3.3201 | -2.8486 | -2.3939 | -1.9406 | -1.4928 | -1.0518 |
| 1992 | -5.0219 | -8.049 | -8.7471 | -8.6937 | -7.7016 | -7.4431 | -7.3968 | -7.1682 | -6.7891 | -6.3975 | -5.9286 | -5.3866 | -4.8615 | -4.3037 | -3.7869 | -3.3448 | -2.8724 | -2.4278 | -1.9734 | -1.5443 | -1.0968 |
| 1993 | -5.0695 | -8.04 | -8.8555 | -8.5918 | -7.7383 | -7.4432 | -7.3738 | -7.1581 | -6.8303 | -6.394 | -5.9453 | -5.3795 | -4.8684 | -4.3108 | -3.783 | -3.3207 | -2.8506 | -2.3971 | -1.9233 | -1.4718 | -1.013 |
| 1994 | -5.0817 | -8.1417 | -8.8799 | -8.6905 | -7.814 | -7.4482 | -7.3633 | -7.1097 | -6.8331 | -6.3832 | -5.9696 | -5.4379 | -4.9305 | -4.3759 | -3.8383 | -3.345 | -2.9245 | -2.4476 | -1.9937 | -1.5497 | -1.088 |
| 1995 | -5.0959 | -8.2279 | -8.891 | -8.6679 | -7.7491 | -7.4331 | -7.3394 | -7.1167 | -6.8267 | -6.3817 | -5.9387 | -5.4325 | -4.924 | -4.392 | -3.846 | -3.3493 | -2.9049 | -2.4234 | -1.9644 | -1.4905 | -1.0334 |
| 1996 | -5.0901 | -8.162 | -9.0245 | -8.7973 | -7.7186 | -7.4494 | -7.3248 | -7.1247 | -6.8335 | -6.4025 | -5.9522 | -5.4716 | -4.9432 | -4.4289 | -3.892 | -3.3797 | -2.9442 | -2.4426 | -1.9812 | -1.5216 | -1.0536 |
| 1997 | -5.1299 | -8.2143 | -8.9524 | -8.7176 | -7.7247 | -7.3982 | -7.3584 | -7.1687 | -6.8602 | -6.4236 | -5.9768 | -5.4886 | -4.9733 | -4.468 | -3.9246 | -3.4055 | -2.9648 | -2.4547 | -1.9901 | -1.5223 | -1.0648 |
| 1998 | -5.1653 | -8.1859 | -9.0133 | -8.8402 | -7.8085 | -7.4575 | -7.3242 | -7.1512 | -6.8642 | -6.4319 | -5.9794 | -5.5014 | -4.9811 | -4.4823 | -3.9543 | -3.4188 | -2.9636 | -2.4606 | -2.0023 | -1.5242 | -1.0628 |
| 1999 | -5.1469 | -8.2003 | -9.0841 | -8.8336 | -7.8118 | -7.4713 | -7.3591 | -7.1693 | -6.864 | -6.4445 | -5.9754 | -5.5178 | -5.0098 | -4.504 | -3.9803 | -3.4455 | -2.9455 | -2.4935 | -1.9956 | -1.5111 | -1.0431 |
| 2000 | -5.192 | -8.3825 | -9.1064 | -8.9007 | -7.8418 | -7.5128 | -7.3556 | -7.1678 | -6.8501 | -6.4599 | -5.9866 | -5.5308 | -5.0561 | -4.5458 | -4.0378 | -3.5077 | -3.0085 | -2.5444 | -2.0362 | -1.5666 | -1.0834 |
| 2001 | -5.2109 | -8.3543 | -9.0913 | -8.9189 | -7.852 | -7.5063 | -7.4292 | -7.1554 | -6.8841 | -6.4884 | -5.9971 | -5.5365 | -5.0853 | -4.577 | -4.0924 | -3.5531 | -3.0337 | -2.5685 | -2.0377 | -1.5819 | -1.0989 |
| 2002 | -5.2459 | -8.3992 | -9.1251 | -8.9027 | -7.9088 | -7.56 | -7.4224 | -7.1714 | -6.8991 | -6.4864 | -5.9842 | -5.5658 | -5.1044 | -4.5965 | -4.117 | -3.5788 | -3.0421 | -2.5769 | -2.022 | -1.5642 | -1.0961 |
| 2003 | -5.2111 | -8.3214 | -9.154 | -8.9711 | -7.9766 | -7.5669 | -7.4492 | -7.1995 | -6.9014 | -6.4759 | -6.0153 | -5.5551 | -5.1152 | -4.6096 | -4.1315 | -3.606 | -3.0606 | -2.5574 | -2.0126 | -1.5505 | -1.073 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations from the Human Mortality Database. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Age group | United States | United Kingdom | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 1972 | 2002 | 1900 | 1950 | 2003 | |
| 0 | -3.6015 | -4.017 | -4.9619 | -1.7791 | -3.5119 | -5.2111 |
| 1–4 | -6.8416 | -7.1213 | -8.073 | -3.7567 | -6.6056 | -8.3214 |
| 4–9 | -7.6136 | -7.8045 | -8.7967 | -5.4683 | -7.3542 | -9.154 |
| 10–14 | -7.6905 | -7.8134 | -8.5374 | -6.0237 | -7.6317 | -8.9711 |
| 15–19 | -6.9784 | -6.8078 | -7.2954 | -5.6575 | -6.9927 | -7.9766 |
| 20–24 | -6.6849 | -6.5349 | -6.963 | -5.379 | -6.6784 | -7.5669 |
| 25–29 | -6.6566 | -6.5589 | -6.9602 | -5.2118 | -6.5123 | -7.4492 |
| 30–34 | -6.4148 | -6.3952 | -6.7893 | -4.9542 | -6.3922 | -7.1995 |
| 35–39 | -6.0735 | -6.0484 | -6.4254 | -4.6949 | -6.1365 | -6.9014 |
| 40–44 | -5.6217 | -5.6145 | -6.0181 | -4.4234 | -5.7714 | -6.4759 |
| 45–49 | -5.1455 | -5.16 | -5.6339 | -4.1841 | -5.2413 | -6.0153 |
| 50–54 | -4.6819 | -4.7645 | -5.2728 | -3.894 | -4.7907 | -5.5551 |
| 55–59 | -4.2788 | -4.3261 | -4.8658 | -3.5666 | -4.332 | -5.1152 |
| 60–64 | -3.8687 | -3.9318 | -4.4287 | -3.2582 | -3.8476 | -4.6096 |
| 65–69 | -3.4745 | -3.5501 | -4.0016 | -2.8397 | -3.3943 | -4.1315 |
| 70–74 | -3.0754 | -3.1287 | -3.5606 | -2.5047 | -2.9141 | -3.606 |
| 75–79 | -2.644 | -2.7184 | -3.1163 | -2.1014 | -2.4116 | -3.0606 |
| 80–84 | -2.1996 | -2.3069 | -2.6435 | -1.6736 | -1.9709 | -2.5574 |
| 85–89 | -1.7665 | -1.8735 | -2.1448 | -1.3834 | -1.5252 | -2.0126 |
| 90–94 | -1.3965 | -1.483 | -1.7063 | -1.106 | -1.1694 | -1.5505 |
| 95 or older | -1.1108 | -1.1236 | -1.2167 | -0.8473 | -0.8498 | -1.073 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations from the Human Mortality Database. | ||||||
| Year | United States | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | |||||||
| Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | |||
| Mortality projections for ages 10–14 | ||||||||||||||
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0024207 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0023447 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0022742 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0020826 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0021485 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0021253 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.002157 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0020725 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0020253 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.002075 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0019181 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0020605 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0019157 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.001952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0021206 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0023367 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0022075 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.002197 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0037381 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0022892 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0019744 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0017965 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0017906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0016385 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0016688 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0016727 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0014961 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0015593 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0016089 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0016602 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0015413 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0014696 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0013864 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0014354 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0014561 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.001317 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0012078 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0011765 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0011829 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0010251 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0013977 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0013689 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0010417 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0010383 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0010508 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0009142 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0007549 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0007006 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0005973 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0005637 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0004848 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0004714 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0004217 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0004005 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003694 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003776 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003318 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003736 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003148 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1959 | 0.0004572 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003342 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1960 | 0.0004345 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003216 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1961 | 0.0004243 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003263 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1962 | 0.0004166 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003368 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1963 | 0.0004119 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003151 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1964 | 0.0004158 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003267 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1965 | 0.0004058 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003517 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1966 | 0.0004112 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003354 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1967 | 0.0004055 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003451 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1968 | 0.0004166 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003278 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1969 | 0.0004138 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.000294 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1970 | 0.000405 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002966 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1971 | 0.0004007 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0003041 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1972 | 0.0004043 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002825 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1973 | 0.000403 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002777 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1974 | 0.0003838 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002762 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1975 | 0.0003546 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002598 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1976 | 0.0003421 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002596 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1977 | 0.0003459 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002431 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1978 | 0.0003369 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002559 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1979 | 0.0003171 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0002469 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1980 | 0.0003068 | 0.0003129 | 0.0003081 | 0.0003031 | 0.0002956 | 0.0003227 | 0.0003205 | 0.0002328 | 0.0002443 | 0.0002437 | 0.0001917 | 0.0002028 | 0.0003047 | 0.0002847 |
| 1981 | 0.0002962 | 0.0003088 | 0.0003021 | 0.0002953 | 0.0002825 | 0.0003226 | 0.000322 | 0.0002428 | 0.0002422 | 0.0002388 | 0.0001714 | 0.0001901 | 0.0003293 | 0.0002919 |
| 1982 | 0.000282 | 0.0003047 | 0.0002969 | 0.0002884 | 0.0002722 | 0.0003214 | 0.0003226 | 0.0002376 | 0.0002399 | 0.0002345 | 0.0001559 | 0.0001779 | 0.0003475 | 0.0002971 |
| 1983 | 0.0002741 | 0.0003005 | 0.000292 | 0.0002821 | 0.0002631 | 0.0003199 | 0.0003223 | 0.0002311 | 0.0002371 | 0.0002303 | 0.0001436 | 0.0001679 | 0.0003634 | 0.0003022 |
| 1984 | 0.000283 | 0.0002965 | 0.0002873 | 0.0002761 | 0.0002552 | 0.0003178 | 0.0003215 | 0.0002281 | 0.0002343 | 0.0002258 | 0.0001326 | 0.0001591 | 0.0003751 | 0.000304 |
| 1985 | 0.0002807 | 0.0002925 | 0.0002827 | 0.0002704 | 0.0002479 | 0.0003155 | 0.00032 | 0.0002406 | 0.0002322 | 0.0002216 | 0.0001233 | 0.000152 | 0.0003855 | 0.0003061 |
| 1986 | 0.0002848 | 0.0002886 | 0.0002782 | 0.0002649 | 0.0002411 | 0.0003135 | 0.0003184 | 0.0002029 | 0.0002297 | 0.0002173 | 0.0001148 | 0.0001439 | 0.0003981 | 0.000307 |
| 1987 | 0.0002711 | 0.0002848 | 0.0002738 | 0.0002597 | 0.0002346 | 0.0003111 | 0.0003163 | 0.0002119 | 0.0002276 | 0.0002136 | 0.0001074 | 0.0001376 | 0.0004075 | 0.0003071 |
| 1988 | 0.0002764 | 0.000281 | 0.0002694 | 0.0002552 | 0.0002281 | 0.0003083 | 0.0003141 | 0.0002083 | 0.0002254 | 0.0002093 | 0.0001022 | 0.0001312 | 0.000414 | 0.0003082 |
| 1989 | 0.000274 | 0.0002772 | 0.0002651 | 0.0002502 | 0.0002221 | 0.0003056 | 0.0003121 | 0.0001905 | 0.0002227 | 0.0002055 | 0.0000958 | 0.0001257 | 0.0004203 | 0.0003085 |
| 1990 | 0.0002573 | 0.0002735 | 0.0002609 | 0.0002456 | 0.0002166 | 0.0003029 | 0.0003097 | 0.0001901 | 0.0002205 | 0.0002017 | 0.0000904 | 0.0001204 | 0.0004263 | 0.0003084 |
| 1991 | 0.0002563 | 0.0002698 | 0.0002568 | 0.0002414 | 0.0002115 | 0.0003002 | 0.0003069 | 0.0001892 | 0.0002179 | 0.0001976 | 0.0000863 | 0.0001152 | 0.0004322 | 0.0003065 |
| 1992 | 0.0002443 | 0.0002661 | 0.0002527 | 0.0002369 | 0.0002066 | 0.0002973 | 0.0003044 | 0.0001676 | 0.0002153 | 0.000194 | 0.0000814 | 0.0001099 | 0.0004362 | 0.0003061 |
| 1993 | 0.0002538 | 0.0002626 | 0.0002486 | 0.0002325 | 0.0002018 | 0.0002946 | 0.0003017 | 0.0001856 | 0.0002132 | 0.0001905 | 0.0000768 | 0.0001055 | 0.0004417 | 0.0003051 |
| 1994 | 0.0002483 | 0.0002591 | 0.0002446 | 0.0002285 | 0.0001969 | 0.0002919 | 0.0002985 | 0.0001682 | 0.0002111 | 0.0001869 | 0.0000732 | 0.0001019 | 0.0004472 | 0.000303 |
| 1995 | 0.000251 | 0.0002557 | 0.0002408 | 0.0002245 | 0.0001922 | 0.0002891 | 0.0002959 | 0.000172 | 0.000209 | 0.0001834 | 0.0000696 | 0.0000969 | 0.0004513 | 0.0003018 |
| 1996 | 0.0002346 | 0.0002523 | 0.0002369 | 0.0002208 | 0.0001876 | 0.0002861 | 0.0002927 | 0.0001511 | 0.0002068 | 0.00018 | 0.0000668 | 0.0000936 | 0.0004527 | 0.0002993 |
| 1997 | 0.0002252 | 0.0002488 | 0.0002331 | 0.0002171 | 0.0001834 | 0.0002833 | 0.0002898 | 0.0001637 | 0.0002043 | 0.0001766 | 0.0000637 | 0.0000899 | 0.000457 | 0.0002983 |
| 1998 | 0.0002147 | 0.0002455 | 0.0002294 | 0.0002134 | 0.0001793 | 0.0002807 | 0.0002867 | 0.0001448 | 0.0002022 | 0.0001733 | 0.0000609 | 0.0000871 | 0.0004626 | 0.000296 |
| 1999 | 0.0002039 | 0.0002422 | 0.0002257 | 0.0002096 | 0.0001753 | 0.0002776 | 0.0002834 | 0.0001458 | 0.0001998 | 0.0001699 | 0.0000579 | 0.0000836 | 0.0004615 | 0.0002947 |
| 2000 | 0.000202 | 0.000239 | 0.0002221 | 0.0002061 | 0.0001713 | 0.0002747 | 0.0002805 | 0.0001363 | 0.0001977 | 0.0001667 | 0.0000553 | 0.0000804 | 0.0004628 | 0.0002912 |
| 2001 | 0.0001917 | 0.0002357 | 0.0002186 | 0.0002027 | 0.0001669 | 0.0002719 | 0.0002778 | 0.0001338 | 0.0001952 | 0.0001635 | 0.0000529 | 0.0000775 | 0.000465 | 0.0002903 |
| 2002 | 0.000196 | 0.0002326 | 0.000215 | 0.0001994 | 0.000163 | 0.0002688 | 0.0002745 | 0.000136 | 0.000193 | 0.0001602 | 0.0000508 | 0.000075 | 0.0004632 | 0.0002867 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.000127 | 0.0001907 | 0.000157 | 0.0000483 | 0.0000725 | 0.0004652 | 0.0002836 |
| Mortality projections for ages 70–74 | ||||||||||||||
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0816963 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0745112 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0750287 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0724764 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0764424 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0743151 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0735353 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0750804 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0723595 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0753843 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0702405 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0725824 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0734469 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0725917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0734429 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0811731 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.075818 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0728859 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0690371 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0695904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0611317 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.06271 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0691523 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0625077 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0673013 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.06552 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0623597 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0671793 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0625994 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0725803 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0612188 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0652902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0642132 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0643448 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0621016 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0612652 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0629291 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0632869 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.058351 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0612099 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0666924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0588152 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.053459 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0548969 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0525937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0528416 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0529052 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0552472 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0502758 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.055392 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0542527 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0586028 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0519738 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0520523 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0515529 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0525442 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0522306 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0510936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0511233 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1959 | 0.0461719 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0505895 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1960 | 0.0468548 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0489102 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1961 | 0.0450284 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0512965 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1962 | 0.045433 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0509973 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1963 | 0.0462092 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0517019 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1964 | 0.044542 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.047508 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1965 | 0.0442839 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0481592 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1966 | 0.0449404 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0486407 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1967 | 0.0441742 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.046405 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1968 | 0.0453161 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0486946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1969 | 0.0440993 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0492901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1970 | 0.043543 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.047866 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1971 | 0.0430527 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0460125 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1972 | 0.0437758 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.048175 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1973 | 0.0429815 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0469552 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1974 | 0.0419247 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0468322 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1975 | 0.0403599 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0456282 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1976 | 0.0393011 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.046132 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1977 | 0.0384311 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0441737 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1978 | 0.0378619 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0442123 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1979 | 0.0364247 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0440767 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1980 | 0.0367298 | 0.0360475 | 0.0361306 | 0.0351788 | 0.034978 | 0.0369226 | 0.0372816 | 0.0426767 | 0.0439246 | 0.0439991 | 0.0420326 | 0.0398524 | 0.0458543 | 0.0481447 |
| 1981 | 0.0358571 | 0.0356793 | 0.035651 | 0.0344774 | 0.0341793 | 0.0369121 | 0.0371653 | 0.0420935 | 0.0437845 | 0.0438746 | 0.0411545 | 0.0391112 | 0.0465286 | 0.0487683 |
| 1982 | 0.0353292 | 0.0353142 | 0.0351988 | 0.0338532 | 0.0334699 | 0.0368093 | 0.0369568 | 0.0419784 | 0.0436431 | 0.0437718 | 0.0404303 | 0.0381301 | 0.0470007 | 0.0496449 |
| 1983 | 0.0356132 | 0.0349421 | 0.0347554 | 0.0332818 | 0.0328187 | 0.0366726 | 0.0367637 | 0.0412412 | 0.0434783 | 0.0436657 | 0.0398083 | 0.0375107 | 0.0473983 | 0.050268 |
| 1984 | 0.0353271 | 0.0345756 | 0.0343193 | 0.0327322 | 0.0322034 | 0.0364857 | 0.0365118 | 0.0398872 | 0.0433179 | 0.0435481 | 0.0392219 | 0.036803 | 0.0476799 | 0.0508353 |
| 1985 | 0.0353956 | 0.0342199 | 0.0338896 | 0.0322107 | 0.0316127 | 0.0362837 | 0.0362519 | 0.0409132 | 0.043174 | 0.0434269 | 0.0386853 | 0.0361545 | 0.047925 | 0.0513754 |
| 1986 | 0.0351402 | 0.0338627 | 0.0334647 | 0.0317051 | 0.0310656 | 0.0361017 | 0.0359659 | 0.0400283 | 0.043019 | 0.0433219 | 0.0381726 | 0.0356729 | 0.0482165 | 0.0518323 |
| 1987 | 0.0345645 | 0.0335158 | 0.0330385 | 0.0312201 | 0.0305019 | 0.0358866 | 0.0356929 | 0.0389972 | 0.0428795 | 0.0432019 | 0.037694 | 0.0350882 | 0.0484275 | 0.0522774 |
| 1988 | 0.0342236 | 0.0331711 | 0.0326166 | 0.0308004 | 0.0299674 | 0.0356455 | 0.0353556 | 0.0387626 | 0.042737 | 0.0430808 | 0.0373477 | 0.0346118 | 0.0485724 | 0.0526241 |
| 1989 | 0.0331623 | 0.0328221 | 0.0322024 | 0.0303378 | 0.0294489 | 0.035403 | 0.035076 | 0.0375397 | 0.0425768 | 0.042997 | 0.0368983 | 0.0341742 | 0.0487103 | 0.0530628 |
| 1990 | 0.032391 | 0.0324814 | 0.0318069 | 0.0299001 | 0.02898 | 0.0351592 | 0.034769 | 0.0363912 | 0.0424282 | 0.0428569 | 0.0364934 | 0.03372 | 0.0488411 | 0.0532738 |
| 1991 | 0.0319857 | 0.0321424 | 0.0313979 | 0.0295076 | 0.0284773 | 0.0349151 | 0.0344407 | 0.0361483 | 0.042275 | 0.0427155 | 0.036179 | 0.0332384 | 0.0489674 | 0.0537261 |
| 1992 | 0.0314667 | 0.0318021 | 0.0310012 | 0.029081 | 0.0280097 | 0.0346563 | 0.0341166 | 0.0352667 | 0.042112 | 0.0426431 | 0.0357804 | 0.0329287 | 0.0490521 | 0.0539293 |
| 1993 | 0.0317406 | 0.0314728 | 0.0306134 | 0.0286658 | 0.0275291 | 0.0344109 | 0.0338498 | 0.0361278 | 0.0419672 | 0.0425066 | 0.0353977 | 0.0323742 | 0.0491668 | 0.0543318 |
| 1994 | 0.0313307 | 0.0311501 | 0.0302331 | 0.0282827 | 0.0271315 | 0.0341674 | 0.0335148 | 0.0352611 | 0.04183 | 0.0424206 | 0.0350774 | 0.0320004 | 0.049282 | 0.0545508 |
| 1995 | 0.031179 | 0.0308289 | 0.0298581 | 0.027897 | 0.0266721 | 0.0339134 | 0.0332583 | 0.03511 | 0.0416889 | 0.0423114 | 0.0347429 | 0.0315927 | 0.0493653 | 0.0547197 |
| 1996 | 0.030918 | 0.03051 | 0.0294798 | 0.0275475 | 0.0262684 | 0.0336405 | 0.0329104 | 0.034058 | 0.0415459 | 0.0421898 | 0.0344811 | 0.0313569 | 0.0493939 | 0.0548686 |
| 1997 | 0.0304351 | 0.0301894 | 0.029107 | 0.0271831 | 0.0258186 | 0.0333927 | 0.0326233 | 0.0331901 | 0.0413909 | 0.042064 | 0.0341775 | 0.0309142 | 0.0494836 | 0.0551301 |
| 1998 | 0.0303015 | 0.0298772 | 0.0287438 | 0.0268274 | 0.0254172 | 0.0331548 | 0.0322937 | 0.0327514 | 0.0412489 | 0.0419755 | 0.0338857 | 0.0306393 | 0.0495953 | 0.0554585 |
| 1999 | 0.0299566 | 0.0295652 | 0.0283827 | 0.0264634 | 0.0250394 | 0.0328692 | 0.0319924 | 0.0318893 | 0.0410996 | 0.0418846 | 0.0335666 | 0.0303119 | 0.0495731 | 0.0557305 |
| 2000 | 0.0293229 | 0.0292584 | 0.0280223 | 0.0261179 | 0.0246348 | 0.0326041 | 0.0316658 | 0.0299647 | 0.0409561 | 0.0417675 | 0.0332816 | 0.0300506 | 0.0496001 | 0.0559626 |
| 2001 | 0.0287526 | 0.0289503 | 0.0276726 | 0.0257801 | 0.0242588 | 0.0323475 | 0.0313411 | 0.028635 | 0.0408016 | 0.0416216 | 0.0330064 | 0.0296909 | 0.0496448 | 0.0561353 |
| 2002 | 0.0284218 | 0.0286494 | 0.0273251 | 0.025456 | 0.023881 | 0.0320639 | 0.0309917 | 0.0279082 | 0.0406581 | 0.0415482 | 0.0327551 | 0.0294402 | 0.049609 | 0.0563574 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0271602 | 0.0405017 | 0.041398 | 0.032443 | 0.0290366 | 0.0496477 | 0.0563662 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations. | ||||||||||||||
| NOTE: AR(1) = Lag 1 autoregression; . . . = not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
| Year | United States | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | |||||||
| Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | |||
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 46.32 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 47.91 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 49.08 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 50.43 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 49.11 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 50.86 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 50.58 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 51.44 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 51.84 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 52.52 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 53.99 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 51.54 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 54.55 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 53.83 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 51.99 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 48.2 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 47.73 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 45.57 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 40.43 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 54.12 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 56.6 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 58.35 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 57.69 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 59.79 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 58.79 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 58.94 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 60.13 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 59.42 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 60.52 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 58.03 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.41 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 60.46 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.13 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.06 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.84 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 62.6 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 62.37 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 62.42 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 63.78 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 64.13 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 60.62 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.77 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 63.27 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 62.51 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 62.74 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 61.77 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 67.11 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 66.94 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 68.94 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 68.56 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 69.03 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 68.58 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 69.91 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 70.11 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 70.53 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 70.48 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 70.7 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 70.85 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.02 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1959 | 70 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.14 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1960 | 69.91 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.35 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1961 | 70.32 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.08 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1962 | 70.21 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.13 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1963 | 70.04 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.06 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1964 | 70.33 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.84 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1965 | 70.41 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.83 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1966 | 70.43 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.75 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1967 | 70.76 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.33 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1968 | 70.42 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.98 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1969 | 70.66 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 71.95 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1970 | 70.92 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.21 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1971 | 71.24 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.51 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1972 | 71.34 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.31 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1973 | 71.54 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.54 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1974 | 72.08 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.74 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1975 | 72.68 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.98 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1976 | 72.99 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 72.98 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1977 | 73.38 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 73.47 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1978 | 73.58 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 73.4 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1979 | 74.03 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 73.51 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1980 | 73.93 | 73.7458606 | 73.7424645 | 73.3322964 | 73.3744012 | 74.1588641 | 74.1207725 | 73.93 | 73.1353627 | 73.1448765 | 72.1051362 | 72.1367773 | 74.1046041 | 74.2127779 |
| 1981 | 74.36 | 73.9214999 | 73.9482411 | 73.3372461 | 73.4238732 | 74.4962195 | 74.4761286 | 74.27 | 73.1962983 | 73.2174636 | 71.7233955 | 71.974905 | 74.5292525 | 74.4868189 |
| 1982 | 74.65 | 74.0964728 | 74.1412297 | 73.3855638 | 73.4926295 | 74.7991497 | 74.7914782 | 74.41 | 73.2582854 | 73.2849311 | 71.4504257 | 71.8042389 | 74.8709557 | 74.8188381 |
| 1983 | 74.72 | 74.2756519 | 74.3345326 | 73.4498358 | 73.5790698 | 75.0787815 | 75.0803481 | 74.64 | 73.3319261 | 73.3475689 | 71.2167245 | 71.6371386 | 75.1586427 | 75.050837 |
| 1984 | 74.82 | 74.4529684 | 74.5231223 | 73.5379033 | 73.6745313 | 75.3500606 | 75.3658531 | 75.04 | 73.4035214 | 73.414565 | 71.0490944 | 71.531685 | 75.4252055 | 75.2730263 |
| 1985 | 74.79 | 74.6260022 | 74.7099316 | 73.6332772 | 73.7716289 | 75.6096447 | 75.6257676 | 74.87 | 73.4659906 | 73.4802635 | 70.9016857 | 71.4297037 | 75.6653614 | 75.509256 |
| 1986 | 74.88 | 74.8006506 | 74.8936972 | 73.7194318 | 73.8883308 | 75.8634546 | 75.8847774 | 75.15 | 73.5339324 | 73.5472374 | 70.7245616 | 71.3306281 | 75.8916431 | 75.7097458 |
| 1987 | 75.02 | 74.9711474 | 75.080426 | 73.8213974 | 73.9954708 | 76.1090523 | 76.1509465 | 75.49 | 73.5941908 | 73.6098276 | 70.5950554 | 71.2340237 | 76.1001508 | 75.9307937 |
| 1988 | 75.04 | 75.1413792 | 75.2646897 | 73.9360401 | 74.1291725 | 76.323306 | 76.3938246 | 75.61 | 73.6562228 | 73.6777696 | 70.5055569 | 71.2079548 | 76.249494 | 76.108558 |
| 1989 | 75.33 | 75.3146478 | 75.4488433 | 74.0516681 | 74.2282228 | 76.5614048 | 76.632507 | 75.77 | 73.7273567 | 73.7355675 | 70.4199067 | 71.1321584 | 76.4413949 | 76.2676077 |
| 1990 | 75.62 | 75.4848105 | 75.626962 | 74.1682659 | 74.3615088 | 76.7887194 | 76.8991415 | 76.09 | 73.7920407 | 73.8039585 | 70.3381861 | 71.0792051 | 76.6125357 | 76.4426103 |
| 1991 | 75.83 | 75.6550589 | 75.809569 | 74.2853486 | 74.4845579 | 76.994211 | 77.1349353 | 76.25 | 73.8599667 | 73.8753563 | 70.2589202 | 71.0311574 | 76.7443852 | 76.6312971 |
| 1992 | 76.11 | 75.8269665 | 75.9911667 | 74.4099229 | 74.6207454 | 77.2194189 | 77.370641 | 76.67 | 73.9315759 | 73.9308582 | 70.2055627 | 70.9463259 | 76.9101668 | 76.8024397 |
| 1993 | 75.86 | 75.9943969 | 76.1702346 | 74.5283676 | 74.7443354 | 77.4406055 | 77.5896512 | 76.56 | 73.9937902 | 73.9991874 | 70.1329906 | 70.9205528 | 77.0680069 | 76.9847729 |
| 1994 | 76.03 | 76.1592998 | 76.3469464 | 74.6463273 | 74.870888 | 77.6464759 | 77.8047289 | 77.1 | 74.0532974 | 74.0555367 | 70.0597993 | 70.8439722 | 77.1991197 | 77.118572 |
| 1995 | 76.11 | 76.3245189 | 76.5202437 | 74.7698077 | 75.0011522 | 77.8555064 | 78.0254908 | 76.99 | 74.1144059 | 74.1205818 | 70.0066054 | 70.8376 | 77.3351719 | 77.3311714 |
| 1996 | 76.46 | 76.4894902 | 76.6955717 | 74.90297 | 75.1178989 | 78.0465402 | 78.2454404 | 77.27 | 74.1763761 | 74.1787314 | 69.9883123 | 70.7904276 | 77.4410159 | 77.429593 |
| 1997 | 76.81 | 76.6562814 | 76.8705997 | 75.0243406 | 75.238009 | 78.2474305 | 78.4492198 | 77.51 | 74.2448536 | 74.2427378 | 69.9308317 | 70.7602873 | 77.5630892 | 77.5878031 |
| 1998 | 76.98 | 76.8197745 | 77.0431179 | 75.1412612 | 75.3644395 | 78.4451846 | 78.670305 | 77.66 | 74.3061821 | 74.3016275 | 69.858952 | 70.6916607 | 77.6798211 | 77.7350728 |
| 1999 | 76.97 | 76.984124 | 77.2152925 | 75.2821993 | 75.5037002 | 78.6493881 | 78.8907751 | 77.78 | 74.3719972 | 74.3548218 | 69.8732452 | 70.6731174 | 77.8067357 | 77.8569343 |
| 2000 | 77.12 | 77.1468763 | 77.3879826 | 75.4136216 | 75.6457343 | 78.8449413 | 79.1199582 | 78.26 | 74.4338208 | 74.4186347 | 69.8558424 | 70.6382197 | 77.9194859 | 78.0128717 |
| 2001 | 77.24 | 77.3113083 | 77.5576754 | 75.5413425 | 75.7676327 | 79.0378196 | 79.3336859 | 78.53 | 74.5017189 | 74.4850654 | 69.826991 | 70.6408922 | 78.0278583 | 78.1402039 |
| 2002 | 77.3 | 77.4730359 | 77.7283145 | 75.6830945 | 75.9034326 | 79.2244957 | 79.537497 | 78.67 | 74.5638709 | 74.5379541 | 69.8501511 | 70.6128084 | 78.1264205 | 78.2843643 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 78.73 | 74.6317542 | 74.6038034 | 69.8251071 | 70.5976839 | 78.2482756 | 78.4084493 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations. | ||||||||||||||
| NOTE: AR(1) = Lag 1 autoregression; . . . = not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
| Year | United States | United Kingdom | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| δ1 (Actual Population) |
δ1 (Implied by Mortality) |
δ2 (Actual Population) |
δ2 (Implied by Mortality) |
δ1 (Actual Population) |
δ1 (Implied by Mortality) |
δ2 (Actual Population) |
δ2 (Implied by Mortality) |
|
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0893 | 0.142 | 0.904 | 0.7171 |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0884 | 0.159 | 0.8916 | 0.7234 |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0885 | 0.1611 | 0.8811 | 0.7221 |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.089 | 0.1708 | 0.873 | 0.7231 |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0898 | 0.1635 | 0.8672 | 0.7178 |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0899 | 0.1687 | 0.8593 | 0.7183 |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0908 | 0.1684 | 0.8529 | 0.7178 |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0918 | 0.165 | 0.8467 | 0.7129 |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0925 | 0.1697 | 0.8409 | 0.7138 |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.093 | 0.1653 | 0.8364 | 0.7086 |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0934 | 0.1807 | 0.8312 | 0.7162 |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0947 | 0.1782 | 0.8246 | 0.719 |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0961 | 0.1789 | 0.818 | 0.7139 |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0973 | 0.1798 | 0.8167 | 0.7152 |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0977 | 0.1764 | 0.8107 | 0.738 |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0978 | 0.1599 | 0.8036 | 0.7656 |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0979 | 0.1663 | 0.7961 | 0.8138 |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0986 | 0.168 | 0.7895 | 0.857 |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.0999 | 0.1639 | 0.7814 | 0.9359 |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1025 | 0.1814 | 0.7716 | 0.7304 |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1043 | 0.2052 | 0.7621 | 0.7327 |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1058 | 0.2046 | 0.7592 | 0.7258 |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1073 | 0.1903 | 0.7522 | 0.7142 |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1081 | 0.206 | 0.7436 | 0.7219 |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1096 | 0.197 | 0.7351 | 0.7149 |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1104 | 0.2 | 0.7245 | 0.7168 |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1121 | 0.208 | 0.7146 | 0.721 |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1145 | 0.1963 | 0.7053 | 0.7126 |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1163 | 0.208 | 0.694 | 0.7207 |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1187 | 0.1848 | 0.6841 | 0.7047 |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.12 | 0.2134 | 0.673 | 0.7238 |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1231 | 0.202 | 0.6656 | 0.7141 |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1252 | 0.2061 | 0.657 | 0.7152 |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.127 | 0.204 | 0.6487 | 0.7156 |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1291 | 0.2136 | 0.6387 | 0.7207 |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.132 | 0.2139 | 0.6306 | 0.7181 |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1348 | 0.2097 | 0.625 | 0.713 |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1377 | 0.207 | 0.6229 | 0.7107 |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.141 | 0.2213 | 0.6246 | 0.7205 |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1455 | 0.2134 | 0.6305 | 0.7113 |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.148 | 0.1933 | 0.6273 | 0.714 |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1472 | 0.2148 | 0.6077 | 0.7276 |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1501 | 0.2329 | 0.5994 | 0.7462 |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1539 | 0.2277 | 0.5965 | 0.749 |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1576 | 0.2352 | 0.5984 | 0.7601 |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1616 | 0.2347 | 0.6024 | 0.7735 |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1661 | 0.2398 | 0.6084 | 0.726 |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1696 | 0.2344 | 0.6139 | 0.7204 |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1729 | 0.2519 | 0.6241 | 0.7338 |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1764 | 0.2369 | 0.6301 | 0.7183 |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1784 | 0.2381 | 0.6374 | 0.7173 |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1822 | 0.2255 | 0.6481 | 0.7041 |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1841 | 0.2455 | 0.6555 | 0.721 |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1871 | 0.2461 | 0.6632 | 0.7205 |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1899 | 0.2491 | 0.671 | 0.7226 |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1921 | 0.2459 | 0.6771 | 0.7189 |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1939 | 0.2473 | 0.6821 | 0.7193 |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1959 | 0.2519 | 0.688 | 0.7245 |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1986 | 0.251 | 0.6949 | 0.7226 |
| 1959 | 0.1731 | 0.2589 | 0.8885 | 0.7392 | 0.2006 | 0.2535 | 0.7016 | 0.725 |
| 1960 | 0.1765 | 0.2565 | 0.9089 | 0.737 | 0.2028 | 0.2572 | 0.7091 | 0.7283 |
| 1961 | 0.1796 | 0.2619 | 0.9251 | 0.7414 | 0.2054 | 0.2512 | 0.7194 | 0.7226 |
| 1962 | 0.1821 | 0.2593 | 0.9385 | 0.7392 | 0.2074 | 0.2518 | 0.7285 | 0.7231 |
| 1963 | 0.1837 | 0.2564 | 0.9457 | 0.7369 | 0.209 | 0.2494 | 0.736 | 0.7209 |
| 1964 | 0.1848 | 0.2622 | 0.9498 | 0.7428 | 0.2113 | 0.2649 | 0.7436 | 0.736 |
| 1965 | 0.1864 | 0.2621 | 0.955 | 0.7426 | 0.2153 | 0.2625 | 0.7522 | 0.7335 |
| 1966 | 0.1878 | 0.2615 | 0.9592 | 0.7425 | 0.2183 | 0.2601 | 0.7595 | 0.731 |
| 1967 | 0.1883 | 0.2661 | 0.9529 | 0.7468 | 0.2207 | 0.2695 | 0.7611 | 0.7393 |
| 1968 | 0.188 | 0.2611 | 0.9389 | 0.7429 | 0.2242 | 0.2606 | 0.7624 | 0.7304 |
| 1969 | 0.188 | 0.2663 | 0.9273 | 0.7481 | 0.2279 | 0.2603 | 0.7675 | 0.7307 |
| 1970 | 0.1881 | 0.2702 | 0.9163 | 0.7515 | 0.2322 | 0.265 | 0.7739 | 0.7348 |
| 1971 | 0.1883 | 0.2735 | 0.9057 | 0.7541 | 0.2365 | 0.271 | 0.78 | 0.7404 |
| 1972 | 0.1886 | 0.2727 | 0.8925 | 0.753 | 0.2411 | 0.2647 | 0.7868 | 0.7343 |
| 1973 | 0.1893 | 0.2758 | 0.877 | 0.7557 | 0.2452 | 0.2683 | 0.7926 | 0.7377 |
| 1974 | 0.1902 | 0.2837 | 0.8608 | 0.7619 | 0.2496 | 0.2708 | 0.7968 | 0.7397 |
| 1975 | 0.1916 | 0.2927 | 0.845 | 0.7696 | 0.2539 | 0.2737 | 0.8 | 0.7421 |
| 1976 | 0.1933 | 0.2953 | 0.8291 | 0.7711 | 0.2577 | 0.2707 | 0.8012 | 0.7389 |
| 1977 | 0.1945 | 0.3015 | 0.8119 | 0.7768 | 0.2605 | 0.2793 | 0.799 | 0.7467 |
| 1978 | 0.1959 | 0.3035 | 0.7953 | 0.7783 | 0.2638 | 0.2784 | 0.7963 | 0.7463 |
| 1979 | 0.1973 | 0.3104 | 0.7801 | 0.7845 | 0.2669 | 0.2787 | 0.7937 | 0.7461 |
| 1980 | 0.198 | 0.3071 | 0.7658 | 0.7811 | 0.2693 | 0.2849 | 0.7906 | 0.7514 |
| 1981 | 0.1987 | 0.3123 | 0.7515 | 0.7853 | 0.2706 | 0.2887 | 0.7849 | 0.7546 |
| 1982 | 0.1992 | 0.3161 | 0.7382 | 0.7879 | 0.27 | 0.2895 | 0.7756 | 0.7549 |
| 1983 | 0.2006 | 0.3152 | 0.7281 | 0.7863 | 0.267 | 0.2921 | 0.7619 | 0.757 |
| 1984 | 0.2017 | 0.3172 | 0.7184 | 0.7882 | 0.2628 | 0.2987 | 0.7446 | 0.7631 |
| 1985 | 0.2028 | 0.3168 | 0.7099 | 0.7878 | 0.263 | 0.2944 | 0.7337 | 0.7585 |
| 1986 | 0.2046 | 0.3195 | 0.7061 | 0.791 | 0.2663 | 0.2999 | 0.7292 | 0.7637 |
| 1987 | 0.2069 | 0.3218 | 0.7044 | 0.793 | 0.2687 | 0.3067 | 0.7245 | 0.7702 |
| 1988 | 0.2089 | 0.3219 | 0.704 | 0.7934 | 0.2702 | 0.308 | 0.7199 | 0.7713 |
| 1989 | 0.2108 | 0.3278 | 0.7041 | 0.799 | 0.2711 | 0.3095 | 0.7152 | 0.7724 |
| 1990 | 0.2127 | 0.3323 | 0.7045 | 0.8032 | 0.2712 | 0.316 | 0.7106 | 0.7788 |
| 1991 | 0.214 | 0.3351 | 0.7029 | 0.8059 | 0.2715 | 0.3177 | 0.7072 | 0.7801 |
| 1992 | 0.2145 | 0.339 | 0.7015 | 0.8093 | 0.2716 | 0.3236 | 0.7039 | 0.7854 |
| 1993 | 0.2158 | 0.3353 | 0.7038 | 0.8061 | 0.2717 | 0.3197 | 0.7014 | 0.7815 |
| 1994 | 0.2166 | 0.3386 | 0.7065 | 0.8093 | 0.2715 | 0.3304 | 0.7002 | 0.7917 |
| 1995 | 0.2169 | 0.3397 | 0.708 | 0.8102 | 0.2719 | 0.3284 | 0.7007 | 0.7899 |
| 1996 | 0.2172 | 0.3427 | 0.7091 | 0.8116 | 0.2721 | 0.3344 | 0.7016 | 0.7956 |
| 1997 | 0.2166 | 0.3463 | 0.7086 | 0.8138 | 0.2724 | 0.3387 | 0.7034 | 0.7995 |
| 1998 | 0.2151 | 0.3483 | 0.7053 | 0.815 | 0.2724 | 0.3408 | 0.7049 | 0.8014 |
| 1999 | 0.2133 | 0.3478 | 0.702 | 0.8143 | 0.2716 | 0.3432 | 0.7035 | 0.8036 |
| 2000 | 0.2117 | 0.3507 | 0.6976 | 0.8173 | 0.2701 | 0.353 | 0.6984 | 0.8131 |
| 2001 | 0.2101 | 0.3538 | 0.6906 | 0.8206 | 0.2696 | 0.3586 | 0.6934 | 0.8184 |
| 2002 | 0.2086 | 0.3558 | 0.6837 | 0.8226 | 0.2699 | 0.3607 | 0.6909 | 0.8202 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2705 | 0.3618 | 0.6899 | 0.8212 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations. | ||||||||
| NOTE: AR(1) = Lag 1 autoregression; . . . = not applicable. | ||||||||
| Year | United States | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | Actual | Means | Lower bound | Upper bound | |||||||
| Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | Lee-Carter | AR(1) | |||
| Old-age dependency ratio δ1 | ||||||||||||||
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.142 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.159 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1611 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1708 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1635 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1687 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1684 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.165 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1697 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1653 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1807 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1782 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1789 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1798 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1764 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1599 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1663 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.168 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1639 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1814 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2052 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2046 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.206 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.197 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.208 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1963 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.208 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1848 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2134 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.202 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2061 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.204 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2136 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2139 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2097 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.207 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2213 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2134 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2148 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2329 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2277 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2352 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2347 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2398 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2344 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2519 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2369 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2381 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2255 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2455 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2461 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2491 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2459 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2473 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2519 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.251 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1959 | 0.2589 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2535 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1960 | 0.2565 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2572 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1961 | 0.2619 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2512 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1962 | 0.2593 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2518 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1963 | 0.2564 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2494 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1964 | 0.2622 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2649 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1965 | 0.2621 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2625 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1966 | 0.2615 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2601 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1967 | 0.2661 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2695 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1968 | 0.2611 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2606 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1969 | 0.2663 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2603 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1970 | 0.2702 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.265 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1971 | 0.2735 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.271 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1972 | 0.2727 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2647 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1973 | 0.2758 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2683 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1974 | 0.2837 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2708 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1975 | 0.2927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2737 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1976 | 0.2953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2707 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1977 | 0.3015 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2793 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1978 | 0.3035 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2784 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1979 | 0.3104 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.2787 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1980 | 0.3071 | 0.3131 | 0.3127 | 0.3070244 | 0.3064707 | 0.3192484 | 0.3191011 | 0.2849 | 0.2794 | 0.2796 | 0.2702205 | 0.2624991 | 0.2885771 | 0.2980753 |
| 1981 | 0.3123 | 0.3157 | 0.3158 | 0.3070961 | 0.3073612 | 0.3243779 | 0.3243557 | 0.2887 | 0.2801 | 0.2803 | 0.2670679 | 0.2599317 | 0.2929205 | 0.3018957 |
| 1982 | 0.3161 | 0.3184 | 0.3186 | 0.3077971 | 0.3084578 | 0.3290516 | 0.3290545 | 0.2895 | 0.2809 | 0.2812 | 0.2648757 | 0.2569526 | 0.2965405 | 0.3073598 |
| 1983 | 0.3152 | 0.3211 | 0.3216 | 0.3087323 | 0.3098178 | 0.3334214 | 0.3333397 | 0.2921 | 0.2817 | 0.2819 | 0.2630383 | 0.2545544 | 0.2996778 | 0.3107399 |
| 1984 | 0.3172 | 0.3238 | 0.3245 | 0.3100187 | 0.3113815 | 0.3377109 | 0.3375737 | 0.2987 | 0.2825 | 0.2827 | 0.2617423 | 0.252578 | 0.3026598 | 0.3143964 |
| 1985 | 0.3168 | 0.3265 | 0.3274 | 0.3114181 | 0.3130115 | 0.3418609 | 0.3417168 | 0.2944 | 0.2832 | 0.2835 | 0.2606173 | 0.2511214 | 0.3054096 | 0.3176265 |
| 1986 | 0.3195 | 0.3292 | 0.3302 | 0.312688 | 0.3148447 | 0.3459606 | 0.3456991 | 0.2999 | 0.284 | 0.2843 | 0.2592835 | 0.2495059 | 0.3080567 | 0.3207669 |
| 1987 | 0.3218 | 0.3319 | 0.3332 | 0.3141979 | 0.3166774 | 0.3499665 | 0.3499089 | 0.3067 | 0.2848 | 0.285 | 0.2583203 | 0.2478699 | 0.3105447 | 0.3246419 |
| 1988 | 0.3219 | 0.3346 | 0.3361 | 0.3159045 | 0.3188055 | 0.3534919 | 0.353813 | 0.308 | 0.2855 | 0.2859 | 0.2576606 | 0.2471354 | 0.3123561 | 0.3271521 |
| 1989 | 0.3278 | 0.3373 | 0.3391 | 0.3176353 | 0.3205324 | 0.3574424 | 0.3578324 | 0.3095 | 0.2863 | 0.2865 | 0.2570336 | 0.2454147 | 0.3147199 | 0.3293277 |
| 1990 | 0.3323 | 0.3401 | 0.3419 | 0.3193902 | 0.3226545 | 0.3612456 | 0.3618848 | 0.316 | 0.2871 | 0.2874 | 0.2564395 | 0.2446431 | 0.3168628 | 0.3329173 |
| 1991 | 0.3351 | 0.3428 | 0.3449 | 0.3211622 | 0.3248626 | 0.3647098 | 0.365647 | 0.3177 | 0.2879 | 0.2883 | 0.2558668 | 0.2438157 | 0.3185363 | 0.3360159 |
| 1992 | 0.339 | 0.3456 | 0.3479 | 0.3230582 | 0.3267414 | 0.3685342 | 0.3695189 | 0.3236 | 0.2887 | 0.2889 | 0.2554834 | 0.2426121 | 0.3206687 | 0.3379769 |
| 1993 | 0.3353 | 0.3483 | 0.3508 | 0.3248709 | 0.3289025 | 0.3723182 | 0.373395 | 0.3197 | 0.2895 | 0.2898 | 0.2549645 | 0.2413993 | 0.3227282 | 0.3411964 |
| 1994 | 0.3386 | 0.351 | 0.3537 | 0.3266859 | 0.3311424 | 0.3758645 | 0.3769502 | 0.3304 | 0.2902 | 0.2905 | 0.2544442 | 0.2408964 | 0.324461 | 0.3435445 |
| 1995 | 0.3397 | 0.3538 | 0.3566 | 0.3285961 | 0.3331775 | 0.3794886 | 0.3806725 | 0.3284 | 0.2909 | 0.2913 | 0.2540679 | 0.2402946 | 0.3262801 | 0.3461296 |
| 1996 | 0.3427 | 0.3565 | 0.3596 | 0.3306678 | 0.3353264 | 0.3828209 | 0.3842566 | 0.3344 | 0.2916 | 0.2921 | 0.2539389 | 0.2398858 | 0.3277102 | 0.3487171 |
| 1997 | 0.3463 | 0.3593 | 0.3625 | 0.3325665 | 0.3373944 | 0.3863456 | 0.3877663 | 0.3387 | 0.2924 | 0.293 | 0.2535346 | 0.2394905 | 0.329376 | 0.3509545 |
| 1998 | 0.3483 | 0.3621 | 0.3655 | 0.334405 | 0.3397675 | 0.3898354 | 0.3915972 | 0.3408 | 0.2932 | 0.2937 | 0.2530317 | 0.238383 | 0.3309852 | 0.3529655 |
| 1999 | 0.3478 | 0.3648 | 0.3684 | 0.3366333 | 0.3421735 | 0.3934594 | 0.3953689 | 0.3432 | 0.294 | 0.2944 | 0.2531315 | 0.2379548 | 0.3327531 | 0.3550946 |
| 2000 | 0.3507 | 0.3676 | 0.3714 | 0.338723 | 0.3444562 | 0.3969489 | 0.3992666 | 0.353 | 0.2947 | 0.2952 | 0.25301 | 0.2370732 | 0.3343395 | 0.3574583 |
| 2001 | 0.3538 | 0.3704 | 0.3743 | 0.3407647 | 0.3464839 | 0.4004086 | 0.4029681 | 0.3586 | 0.2955 | 0.2962 | 0.2528089 | 0.2369291 | 0.3358785 | 0.3600253 |
| 2002 | 0.3558 | 0.3732 | 0.3773 | 0.343043 | 0.3488584 | 0.4037736 | 0.4066951 | 0.3607 | 0.2963 | 0.2968 | 0.2529703 | 0.2365396 | 0.3372903 | 0.3617245 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.3618 | 0.2971 | 0.2977 | 0.2527958 | 0.2364216 | 0.3390515 | 0.3640936 |
| Old-age dependency ratio δ2 | ||||||||||||||
| 1900 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7171 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1901 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7234 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1902 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7221 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1903 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7231 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1904 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7178 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1905 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7183 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1906 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7178 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1907 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7129 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1908 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7138 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1909 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7086 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1910 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7162 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1911 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.719 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1912 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7139 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1913 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7152 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1914 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.738 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1915 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7656 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1916 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.8138 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1917 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.857 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1918 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.9359 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1919 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7304 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1920 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7327 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1921 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7258 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1922 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7142 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1923 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7219 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1924 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7149 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1925 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7168 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1926 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.721 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1927 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7126 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1928 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7207 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1929 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7047 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1930 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7238 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1931 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7141 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1932 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7152 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1933 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7156 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1934 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7207 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1935 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7181 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1936 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.713 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1937 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7107 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1938 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7205 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1939 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7113 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1940 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.714 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1941 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7276 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1942 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7462 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1943 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.749 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1944 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7601 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1945 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7735 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1946 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.726 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1947 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7204 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1948 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7338 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1949 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7183 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1950 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7173 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1951 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7041 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1952 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.721 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1953 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7205 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1954 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7226 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1955 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7189 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1956 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7193 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1957 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7245 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1958 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7226 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1959 | 0.7392 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.725 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1960 | 0.737 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7283 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1961 | 0.7414 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7226 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1962 | 0.7392 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7231 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1963 | 0.7369 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7209 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1964 | 0.7428 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.736 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1965 | 0.7426 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7335 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1966 | 0.7425 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.731 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1967 | 0.7468 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7393 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1968 | 0.7429 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7304 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1969 | 0.7481 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7307 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1970 | 0.7515 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7348 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1971 | 0.7541 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7404 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1972 | 0.753 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7343 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1973 | 0.7557 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7377 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1974 | 0.7619 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7397 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1975 | 0.7696 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7421 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1976 | 0.7711 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7389 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1977 | 0.7768 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7467 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1978 | 0.7783 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7463 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1979 | 0.7845 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.7461 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| 1980 | 0.7811 | 0.7869 | 0.7864 | 0.7814854 | 0.7809068 | 0.7924609 | 0.7921503 | 0.7514 | 0.7467 | 0.7469 | 0.7407507 | 0.7312871 | 0.752853 | 0.7638705 |
| 1981 | 0.7853 | 0.7893 | 0.7892 | 0.7815495 | 0.7818693 | 0.797094 | 0.796681 | 0.7546 | 0.7472 | 0.7474 | 0.7388714 | 0.7289924 | 0.755966 | 0.7671844 |
| 1982 | 0.7879 | 0.7917 | 0.7917 | 0.7821763 | 0.7829733 | 0.8013287 | 0.8007544 | 0.7549 | 0.7478 | 0.7482 | 0.737604 | 0.726057 | 0.758623 | 0.7721451 |
| 1983 | 0.7863 | 0.7941 | 0.7944 | 0.7830131 | 0.7843666 | 0.8052991 | 0.8045971 | 0.757 | 0.7484 | 0.7488 | 0.7365677 | 0.7242651 | 0.7609688 | 0.7750479 |
| 1984 | 0.7882 | 0.7966 | 0.797 | 0.7841649 | 0.7858574 | 0.8092064 | 0.8083655 | 0.7631 | 0.7491 | 0.7495 | 0.7358515 | 0.7221234 | 0.7632336 | 0.7785212 |
| 1985 | 0.7878 | 0.799 | 0.7996 | 0.7854193 | 0.7874449 | 0.8129956 | 0.8120172 | 0.7585 | 0.7496 | 0.7502 | 0.7352399 | 0.7210678 | 0.765351 | 0.78186 |
| 1986 | 0.791 | 0.8015 | 0.8022 | 0.7865587 | 0.7890069 | 0.8167474 | 0.8157425 | 0.7637 | 0.7503 | 0.7508 | 0.7345272 | 0.7196723 | 0.7674141 | 0.784236 |
| 1987 | 0.793 | 0.8039 | 0.8049 | 0.7879147 | 0.7908195 | 0.8204213 | 0.8194734 | 0.7702 | 0.7508 | 0.7515 | 0.7340211 | 0.7181084 | 0.7693747 | 0.7877582 |
| 1988 | 0.7934 | 0.8064 | 0.8076 | 0.7894491 | 0.7927865 | 0.8236606 | 0.8229094 | 0.7713 | 0.7514 | 0.7523 | 0.7336787 | 0.7172447 | 0.7708146 | 0.7903342 |
| 1989 | 0.799 | 0.8089 | 0.8103 | 0.7910071 | 0.7945162 | 0.8272973 | 0.8266726 | 0.7724 | 0.752 | 0.7528 | 0.7333565 | 0.7161473 | 0.7727089 | 0.7922366 |
| 1990 | 0.8032 | 0.8114 | 0.8129 | 0.7925888 | 0.7963735 | 0.830805 | 0.8302687 | 0.7788 | 0.7526 | 0.7536 | 0.7330541 | 0.7149966 | 0.7744406 | 0.7953727 |
| 1991 | 0.8059 | 0.8139 | 0.8157 | 0.7941877 | 0.7984978 | 0.8340053 | 0.8337502 | 0.7801 | 0.7532 | 0.7544 | 0.7327655 | 0.7140544 | 0.7758022 | 0.7983041 |
| 1992 | 0.8093 | 0.8165 | 0.8184 | 0.7959005 | 0.8003723 | 0.8375443 | 0.837232 | 0.7854 | 0.7539 | 0.7549 | 0.7325737 | 0.7134189 | 0.7775485 | 0.8003573 |
| 1993 | 0.8061 | 0.819 | 0.8211 | 0.7975401 | 0.8024405 | 0.8410517 | 0.8408718 | 0.7815 | 0.7545 | 0.7557 | 0.732316 | 0.7120346 | 0.7792468 | 0.8030725 |
| 1994 | 0.8093 | 0.8215 | 0.8238 | 0.7991837 | 0.8043641 | 0.8443439 | 0.8440046 | 0.7917 | 0.7551 | 0.7563 | 0.73206 | 0.7118593 | 0.7806842 | 0.8054232 |
| 1995 | 0.8102 | 0.824 | 0.8265 | 0.8009154 | 0.8063554 | 0.8477133 | 0.8475714 | 0.7899 | 0.7556 | 0.757 | 0.7318763 | 0.7108363 | 0.7822015 | 0.8077975 |
| 1996 | 0.8116 | 0.8265 | 0.8292 | 0.8027959 | 0.8084903 | 0.8508158 | 0.8508444 | 0.7956 | 0.7562 | 0.7577 | 0.7318135 | 0.7101598 | 0.7834002 | 0.8098067 |
| 1997 | 0.8138 | 0.8291 | 0.832 | 0.8045215 | 0.8103601 | 0.8541018 | 0.8542466 | 0.7995 | 0.7569 | 0.7585 | 0.7316179 | 0.7100974 | 0.7848024 | 0.8121652 |
| 1998 | 0.815 | 0.8316 | 0.8347 | 0.8061942 | 0.8124763 | 0.8573596 | 0.857806 | 0.8014 | 0.7574 | 0.7592 | 0.7313765 | 0.7088505 | 0.7861633 | 0.8139408 |
| 1999 | 0.8143 | 0.8342 | 0.8374 | 0.8082239 | 0.8146104 | 0.8607472 | 0.8611384 | 0.8036 | 0.7581 | 0.7598 | 0.7314275 | 0.7088786 | 0.787665 | 0.815943 |
| 2000 | 0.8173 | 0.8368 | 0.8402 | 0.8101297 | 0.8167252 | 0.8640133 | 0.8647204 | 0.8131 | 0.7587 | 0.7605 | 0.7313688 | 0.7080973 | 0.7890186 | 0.8182765 |
| 2001 | 0.8206 | 0.8394 | 0.8429 | 0.8119938 | 0.8187642 | 0.8672555 | 0.8682446 | 0.8184 | 0.7593 | 0.7614 | 0.7312731 | 0.7076554 | 0.7903369 | 0.8208523 |
| 2002 | 0.8226 | 0.8419 | 0.8457 | 0.8140766 | 0.8210406 | 0.8704127 | 0.8717245 | 0.8202 | 0.7599 | 0.7619 | 0.7313472 | 0.7071208 | 0.7915506 | 0.8224514 |
| 2003 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.8212 | 0.7605 | 0.7628 | 0.7312645 | 0.7069049 | 0.7930705 | 0.8251649 |
| SOURCE: Author's calculations. | ||||||||||||||
| NOTE: AR(1) = Lag 1 autoregression; . . . = not applicable. | ||||||||||||||